Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

General Direct Anticancer Effects of Growing Antler Extract in Several Tumour Cell Lines, and Immune System-Mediated Effects in Xenograft Glioblastoma

Alessandra Rossetti
,
Louis Chonco
ORCID logo ,
Nicolás Alegría
ORCID logo ,
Veronica Veronica
,
Andrés J. García
ORCID logo ,
Carmen Ramírez-Castillejo
,
Alessandra Tessitore
,
Carlos De Cabo
ORCID logo ,
Tomás Landete-Castillejos
* ORCID logo ,
Claudio Festuccia
ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 25 March 2024 / Approved: 25 March 2024 / Online: 25 March 2024 (11:19:32 CET)

How to cite: Rossetti, A.; Chonco, L.; Alegría, N.; Veronica, V.; García, A.J.; Ramírez-Castillejo, C.; Tessitore, A.; De Cabo, C.; Landete-Castillejos, T.; Festuccia, C. General Direct Anticancer Effects of Growing Antler Extract in Several Tumour Cell Lines, and Immune System-Mediated Effects in Xenograft Glioblastoma. Preprints 2024, 2024031477. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202403.1477.v1 Rossetti, A.; Chonco, L.; Alegría, N.; Veronica, V.; García, A.J.; Ramírez-Castillejo, C.; Tessitore, A.; De Cabo, C.; Landete-Castillejos, T.; Festuccia, C. General Direct Anticancer Effects of Growing Antler Extract in Several Tumour Cell Lines, and Immune System-Mediated Effects in Xenograft Glioblastoma. Preprints 2024, 2024031477. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202403.1477.v1

Abstract

Antler is the fastest growing tissue. Because is based on proto-oncogenes, to avoid the risk of cancer, antlers evolved strong anticancer mechanisms, and thus its extract (DVA) is effective also against the few human tumours studied so far. We assessed whether DVA is a general anticancer compound testing direct effects in cells of different tumours: glioblastoma (GBM), colorectal and breast cancer, and leukaemia. DVA reduced viability of tumour but not healthy cells. Mobility decreased at least at the longest test (72 h). Intraperitoneal/oral 200 mg DVA/kg administration in GBM xenograft mice for 28 d reduced tumour weight 66.3% and 61.4% respectively, and also spleen weight. In addition, tumours treated with DVA showed symptoms of liquefactive necrosis. Serum cytokines showed DVA up-regulated factors related with tumour fighting and down-regulated those related with inducing immune tolerance to the tumour. DVA shows general anticancer effects in the lines tested and, in GBM mice, also strong indirect effects apparently mediated by the immune system.

Keywords

Anti-tumour activity; Cell proliferation; Deer Velvet Antler; Glioblastoma Multiforme; Immune tolerance

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Other

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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