Analysis of Intensity Limits for Light Emitting Diodes Used in Toys and Consequences for Children's Visual Health

Christophe Martinsons; Olivier Enouf; Francine Behar-Cohen; Alicia Torriglia; Françoise Viénot; Dina Attia

doi:10.20944/preprints202403.0170.v2

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preprints.org > public health and healthcare > public, environmental and occupational health > doi: 10.20944/preprints202403.0170.v2

Preprint Technical Note Version 2 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Analysis of Intensity Limits for Light Emitting Diodes Used in Toys and Consequences for Children's Visual Health

Christophe Martinsons

^* ,

Version 1 : Received: 2 March 2024 / Approved: 4 March 2024 / Online: 4 March 2024 (15:51:27 CET)
Version 2 : Received: 13 March 2024 / Approved: 13 March 2024 / Online: 13 March 2024 (15:54:13 CET)

How to cite: Martinsons, C.; Enouf, O.; Behar-Cohen, F.; Torriglia, A.; Viénot, F.; Attia, D. Analysis of Intensity Limits for Light Emitting Diodes Used in Toys and Consequences for Children's Visual Health. Preprints 2024, 2024030170. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202403.0170.v2 Martinsons, C.; Enouf, O.; Behar-Cohen, F.; Torriglia, A.; Viénot, F.; Attia, D. Analysis of Intensity Limits for Light Emitting Diodes Used in Toys and Consequences for Children's Visual Health. Preprints 2024, 2024030170. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202403.0170.v2

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MDPI and ACS Style

Martinsons, C.; Enouf, O.; Behar-Cohen, F.; Torriglia, A.; Viénot, F.; Attia, D. Analysis of Intensity Limits for Light Emitting Diodes Used in Toys and Consequences for Children's Visual Health. Preprints 2024, 2024030170. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202403.0170.v2

APA Style

Martinsons, C., Enouf, O., Behar-Cohen, F., Torriglia, A., Viénot, F., & Attia, D. (2024). Analysis of Intensity Limits for Light Emitting Diodes Used in Toys and Consequences for Children's Visual Health. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202403.0170.v2

Chicago/Turabian Style

Martinsons, C., Françoise Viénot and Dina Attia. 2024 "Analysis of Intensity Limits for Light Emitting Diodes Used in Toys and Consequences for Children's Visual Health" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202403.0170.v2

Abstract

The analysis of the current safety standards for electric toys showed that the normative intensity limits for visible light emitted by LEDs integrated in toys are overestimated. These limits were originally set in a scientific article published in 2012 that was adapted into the international safety standard published in 2017, and into the subsequent European and national standards, all published in 2020. The overestimation of the intensity limits results from several errors made in the original article. Accordingly, the current normative intensity limits for visible light used in toys do not protect the children’s eyes against adverse effects of exposure to high intensity LEDs which may compromise their visual health. Updating the safety standards for electric toys using a method based on robust scientific data is recommended to protect children's visual health and ensure their long-term well-being.

Keywords

LED, toys, optical safety, photobiology, retina, glare, macular injury, blue light hazard

Subject

Public Health and Healthcare, Public, Environmental and Occupational Health

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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