SantaMaria, A.M.; Rouault, T.A. Regulatory and Sensing Iron–Sulfur Clusters: New Insights and Unanswered Questions. Inorganics2024, 12, 101.
SantaMaria, A.M.; Rouault, T.A. Regulatory and Sensing Iron–Sulfur Clusters: New Insights and Unanswered Questions. Inorganics 2024, 12, 101.
SantaMaria, A.M.; Rouault, T.A. Regulatory and Sensing Iron–Sulfur Clusters: New Insights and Unanswered Questions. Inorganics2024, 12, 101.
SantaMaria, A.M.; Rouault, T.A. Regulatory and Sensing Iron–Sulfur Clusters: New Insights and Unanswered Questions. Inorganics 2024, 12, 101.
Abstract
Iron is an essential nutrient and necessary for biological functions from DNA replication and repair to transcriptional regulation, mitochondrial respiration, electron transfer, oxygen transport, photosynthesis, enzymatic catalysis, and nitrogen fixation. However, due to iron’s propensity to generate toxic radicals which can cause damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids, multiple processes regulate uptake and distribution of iron in living systems. Understanding how intracellular iron metabolism is optimized and how iron is utilized to regulate other intracellular processes is important to our overall understanding of a multitude of biological processes. One of the tools that the cell utilizes to regulate a multitude of functions is ligation of the iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster cofactor. Fe-S clusters comprised of iron and inorganic sulfur are ancient components of living matter on earth that are integral for physiological function in all domains of life. Here we will explore the ways in which the cell utilizes Fe-S clusters to sense the intracellular environment and respond to maintain equilibrium.
Keywords
Iron-sulfur clusters; iron metabolism; iron sensing; IRE; PAIR; Aft1/2; IRP1/2; RirA; Yap5; ACO1; IREB2; HSCB
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
