Llauger, M.; Guerrero, L.; Arnau, J.; Morera, A.; Wakamatsu, J.-I.; Lorenzo, J.M.; Bou, R. Zinc Protoporphyrin-Rich Pork Liver Homogenates as Coloring Ingredients in Nitrite-Free Liver Pâtés. Foods2024, 13, 533.
Llauger, M.; Guerrero, L.; Arnau, J.; Morera, A.; Wakamatsu, J.-I.; Lorenzo, J.M.; Bou, R. Zinc Protoporphyrin-Rich Pork Liver Homogenates as Coloring Ingredients in Nitrite-Free Liver Pâtés. Foods 2024, 13, 533.
Llauger, M.; Guerrero, L.; Arnau, J.; Morera, A.; Wakamatsu, J.-I.; Lorenzo, J.M.; Bou, R. Zinc Protoporphyrin-Rich Pork Liver Homogenates as Coloring Ingredients in Nitrite-Free Liver Pâtés. Foods2024, 13, 533.
Llauger, M.; Guerrero, L.; Arnau, J.; Morera, A.; Wakamatsu, J.-I.; Lorenzo, J.M.; Bou, R. Zinc Protoporphyrin-Rich Pork Liver Homogenates as Coloring Ingredients in Nitrite-Free Liver Pâtés. Foods 2024, 13, 533.
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the coloring ingredient potential of liver homogenates that form Zn-protoporphyrin (ZnPP), a natural red pigment, after anaerobic incubation. The liver homogenates were used to develop nitrite-free sterile pork liver pâtés. These liver homogenates can be applied in the formulation of pâtés directly or as a centrifuged insoluble fraction that is highly concentrated in ZnPP. Both the whole homogenate and its insoluble fraction were adjusted to pH 7.5 before their use in the formulation of pâtés with and without antioxidant (0.5% ascorbate plus 0.1% tocopherol) addition. Pâtés formulated with the whole homogenate showed color and texture characteristics similar to those of the positive control with nitrite. However, high levels of the insoluble fraction also led to pâtés with improved color characteristics but with a two-fold softened texture. Therefore, the form and amount of ZnPP added played a role in the final appearance of the product. The ZnPP pigment was more stable than heme was in the sterilization treatment, and antioxidant addition proved to be unnecessary. The ZnPP-rich ingredients allowed for the preparation of nitrite-free cooked liver pâtés with a stable red color and could be potentially applied in other uncured cooked meat products.
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