Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

The Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG1 and IgG3 Antibody Isotypes with Limited Neutralizing Capacity against Omicron Elicited in a Latin Population Switch toward IgG4 after Multiple Doses with the mRNA Pfizer-BioNTech Vaccine.

Ana M Espino
* ORCID logo ,
Albersy Armina-Rodriguez
ORCID logo ,
Laura Alvarez
,
Carlimar Ocasio
,
Riseilly Ramos-Nieves
,
Esteban I Rodríguez-Martinó
,
Paola López-Marte
,
Esther A. Torres
,
Carlos A. Sariol
* ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 9 January 2024 / Approved: 10 January 2024 / Online: 10 January 2024 (11:06:22 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Espino, A.M.; Armina-Rodriguez, A.; Alvarez, L.; Ocasio-Malavé, C.; Ramos-Nieves, R.; Rodriguez Martinó, E.I.; López-Marte, P.; Torres, E.A.; Sariol, C.A. The Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG1 and IgG3 Antibody Isotypes with Limited Neutralizing Capacity against Omicron Elicited in a Latin Population a Switch toward IgG4 after Multiple Doses with the mRNA Pfizer–BioNTech Vaccine. Viruses 2024, 16, 187. Espino, A.M.; Armina-Rodriguez, A.; Alvarez, L.; Ocasio-Malavé, C.; Ramos-Nieves, R.; Rodriguez Martinó, E.I.; López-Marte, P.; Torres, E.A.; Sariol, C.A. The Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG1 and IgG3 Antibody Isotypes with Limited Neutralizing Capacity against Omicron Elicited in a Latin Population a Switch toward IgG4 after Multiple Doses with the mRNA Pfizer–BioNTech Vaccine. Viruses 2024, 16, 187.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the profile of IgG subclasses in COVID-19 convalescent Puerto Rican subjects and compare this profile with those exhibited by no-infected immunocompetent or immunocompromised subjects that received the mRNA vaccine. The most notable find-ngs from this study are: 1) Convalescent subjects that were not hospitalized developed high and long-lasting antibody response. 2) Both, IgG1 and IgG3 are the subclasses more prevalent in the SARS-CoV-2 infected population whereas IgG1 is more prevalent after vaccination. 3) Individuals that first had the infection and further received two doses of mRNA vaccines exhibited more robust neutralizing capacity against Omicron than those that were never infected and received two doses of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. 4) A class switch toward the “anti-inflammatory” anti-body isotype IgG4 is induced a few weeks after the third dose, which peaked abruptly and remained at high levels for a long period. Moreover, the high levels of IgG4 are concurrent with high neutralizing percentages against various VOC including Omicron. 5) Subjects with IBD also develop IgG4 after the third dose, although these antibody levels have limited effect on the neutralizing capacity. Knowing that the mRNA vaccines do not prevent reinfections, all Omicron sub-variants that are dominant worldwide have shown to be less pathogenic, and the IgG4 levels have been associated to immunotolerance and causative of numerous negative effects, the recommendations of successive administration of booster vaccinations to people should be revised.

Keywords

Covid-19; IgG4; Switch class; ELISA; neutralizing antibody

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Immunology and Microbiology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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