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Mortality Time-Trends of Different Cardiovascular Diseases in a Practically Extinct Cohort of Italian Middle-Aged Men Followed-Up for 61 Years: A Possible Etiological Explanation?
Puddu, P.E.; Piras, P.; Menotti, A. Mortality Time-Trends of Different Cardiovascular Diseases in a Practically Extinct Cohort of Italian Middle-Aged Men Followed-Up for 61 Years: A Possible Etiological Explanation? J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis.2024, 11, 94.
Puddu, P.E.; Piras, P.; Menotti, A. Mortality Time-Trends of Different Cardiovascular Diseases in a Practically Extinct Cohort of Italian Middle-Aged Men Followed-Up for 61 Years: A Possible Etiological Explanation? J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2024, 11, 94.
Puddu, P.E.; Piras, P.; Menotti, A. Mortality Time-Trends of Different Cardiovascular Diseases in a Practically Extinct Cohort of Italian Middle-Aged Men Followed-Up for 61 Years: A Possible Etiological Explanation? J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis.2024, 11, 94.
Puddu, P.E.; Piras, P.; Menotti, A. Mortality Time-Trends of Different Cardiovascular Diseases in a Practically Extinct Cohort of Italian Middle-Aged Men Followed-Up for 61 Years: A Possible Etiological Explanation? J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2024, 11, 94.
Abstract
Aims. In a male Italian cohort (initially aged 40-59, n=1712) followed-up during 61 years and reaching practical extinction, the natural history of major CVD mortality categories including coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and other Heart Diseases of Uncertain Etiology (HDUE, including congestive heart failure) were studied along with their risk factor relationships.
Methods and Results. Cox models were run with 12 covariates measured at entry as possible predictors. About 93% of all CVD deaths were covered by the 3 major groups selected here (N=751): 37.4% of them were diagnosed as CHD, 30.6% as stroke and 28.5 % as HDUE. CHD declined in the last 20 years of follow-up, while a sharp increase of HDUE mortality was seen. Baseline mean levels of serum cholesterol were 209.6, 204.2 and 198.0 mg/dl respectively for CHD, stroke and HDUE deaths: the multivariable coefficients of serum cholesterol were positive and significant for CHD (p<0.0001) and stroke (p=0.0203) and not significant for HDUE (p=0.3467). In Fine-Gray models, the algebraic signs of cholesterol coefficients were opposite for CHD versus the other mortality categories (t=3.13). The predictive performances of remaining risk factors were varied whereas that of Cox models was not very good, probably due to the attrition phenomenon and possible competing risks.
Conclusion. Large differences in natural history and risk factors were found comparing the 3 CVD conditions, potentially indicating different etiologies and pointing to the need of not mixing them up in a grouped CVD category.
Keywords
lifetime CVD mortality; risk factors; CVD natural history
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Aging
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
