Ypsilantis, K.; Sifnaiou, E.; Garypidou, A.; Kordias, D.; Magklara, A.; Garoufis, A. Ruthenium–Cyclopentadienyl–Cycloparaphenylene Complexes: Sizable Multicharged Cations Exhibiting High DNA-Binding Affinity and Remarkable Cytotoxicity. Molecules2024, 29, 514.
Ypsilantis, K.; Sifnaiou, E.; Garypidou, A.; Kordias, D.; Magklara, A.; Garoufis, A. Ruthenium–Cyclopentadienyl–Cycloparaphenylene Complexes: Sizable Multicharged Cations Exhibiting High DNA-Binding Affinity and Remarkable Cytotoxicity. Molecules 2024, 29, 514.
Ypsilantis, K.; Sifnaiou, E.; Garypidou, A.; Kordias, D.; Magklara, A.; Garoufis, A. Ruthenium–Cyclopentadienyl–Cycloparaphenylene Complexes: Sizable Multicharged Cations Exhibiting High DNA-Binding Affinity and Remarkable Cytotoxicity. Molecules2024, 29, 514.
Ypsilantis, K.; Sifnaiou, E.; Garypidou, A.; Kordias, D.; Magklara, A.; Garoufis, A. Ruthenium–Cyclopentadienyl–Cycloparaphenylene Complexes: Sizable Multicharged Cations Exhibiting High DNA-Binding Affinity and Remarkable Cytotoxicity. Molecules 2024, 29, 514.
Abstract
Two novel sizable multicharged cationic complexes, of the formulae [(η6-[12]CPP)[Ru(η5-Cp)]12]Χ12 and [(η6-[11]CPP)[Ru(η5-Cp)]11]Χ11, CPP= cycloparaphenylene, Cp = cyclopentadienyl, X = [PF6]-, (1), (3) and [Cl]-, (2), (4), were synthesized and characterized using NMR techniques, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and elemental analyses. The complexes, (1) and (3) were stable in acetone and acetonitrile solutions over 48 h. In contrast, the water-soluble, (2) and (4), begins to decompose in aqueous media after 1h, due to the [Cl]- tendency for nucleophilic attack on ruthenium of the {Ru(η5-Cp)} units. Fluorescence quenching experiments conducted during the stability window of (2) with the d(5′-CGCGAATTCGCG-3′)2-EtBr adducts, revealed remarkably high values for Ksv = 1.185 × 104 ± 0.025 M-1 and Kb = 3.162 × 105 ± 0.001 M-1. Furthermore, the cytotoxic activity of (2) against A2780, A2780res, and MCF-7 cancer cell lines shows that it is highly cytotoxic with IC50 values in the range of 4.76 ± 1.85 to 16 ± 0.81 μΜ.
Keywords
ruthenium; cycloparaphenylene; cyclopentadienyl; DNA binding
Subject
Chemistry and Materials Science, Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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