Review
Version 1
Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed
Challenges and Promise for Glioblastoma Treatment through Extracellular Vesicle Inquiry
Version 1
: Received: 15 December 2023 / Approved: 18 December 2023 / Online: 18 December 2023 (13:36:30 CET)
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
Liguori, G.L. Challenges and Promise for Glioblastoma Treatment through Extracellular Vesicle Inquiry. Cells 2024, 13, 336. Liguori, G.L. Challenges and Promise for Glioblastoma Treatment through Extracellular Vesicle Inquiry. Cells 2024, 13, 336.
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB), even though not frequent, is an extremely aggressive brain tumor, with a strong impact on patient outcomes, in terms of both length and quality of life. The protocol estab-lished by Stupp and coworkers in 2005, based on radiotherapy and temozolomide chemotherapy, after maximum safe surgical resection, remains the gold standard for GB treatment. However, it is evident nowadays that the extreme GB intratumoral and intertumoral heterogeneity, invasive-ness and recurrence are not compatible with a routinary and unfortunately uneffective treatment. In this review article, we summarize the principal challenging issues in finding new valuable therapies for GB and focus on the impact that extracellular vesicle (EV) research and exploitation can have in the field. EVs are natural particles delimited by a lipidic bilayer and full of functional cellular content, released and uptaken by cells as key means of cell communications. Moreover, being stable in body fluids, well-immunotolerated, able to cross physiological, inter-species, and inter-kingdom barriers, and to target specific cells, releasing inherent or externally loaded functionally active molecules, EVs can be potentially ideal allies in fighting GB and assuring to GB patients a better prognosis. Here we report the main results obtained until now, focusing on both EV sources and molecular cargo used in the different functional studies, mainly in vivo. Finally, we perform a SWOT analysis reporting both the main advantages and the pitfalls of developing EV-based GB therapeutic strategies to highlight the main directions to explore for realizing the promise of EV exploitation for GB treatment.
Keywords
glioblastoma; extracellular vesicles; tumor therapy; drug-delivery
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Life Sciences
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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