Balega, Y.; Bolshakov, O.; Chernikov, A.; Gunbina, A.; Edelman, V.; Efimova, M.; Eliseev, A.; Krasilnikov, A.; Lapkin, I.; Lesnov, I.; Mansfeld, M.; Markina, M.; Pevzner, E.; Shitov, S.; Smirnov, A.; Tarasov, M.; Tyatushkin, N.; Vdovin, A.; Vdovin, V. Development of Cryogenic Systems for Astronomical Research. Photonics2024, 11, 257.
Balega, Y.; Bolshakov, O.; Chernikov, A.; Gunbina, A.; Edelman, V.; Efimova, M.; Eliseev, A.; Krasilnikov, A.; Lapkin, I.; Lesnov, I.; Mansfeld, M.; Markina, M.; Pevzner, E.; Shitov, S.; Smirnov, A.; Tarasov, M.; Tyatushkin, N.; Vdovin, A.; Vdovin, V. Development of Cryogenic Systems for Astronomical Research. Photonics 2024, 11, 257.
Balega, Y.; Bolshakov, O.; Chernikov, A.; Gunbina, A.; Edelman, V.; Efimova, M.; Eliseev, A.; Krasilnikov, A.; Lapkin, I.; Lesnov, I.; Mansfeld, M.; Markina, M.; Pevzner, E.; Shitov, S.; Smirnov, A.; Tarasov, M.; Tyatushkin, N.; Vdovin, A.; Vdovin, V. Development of Cryogenic Systems for Astronomical Research. Photonics2024, 11, 257.
Balega, Y.; Bolshakov, O.; Chernikov, A.; Gunbina, A.; Edelman, V.; Efimova, M.; Eliseev, A.; Krasilnikov, A.; Lapkin, I.; Lesnov, I.; Mansfeld, M.; Markina, M.; Pevzner, E.; Shitov, S.; Smirnov, A.; Tarasov, M.; Tyatushkin, N.; Vdovin, A.; Vdovin, V. Development of Cryogenic Systems for Astronomical Research. Photonics 2024, 11, 257.
Abstract
: The article presents a brief review of cooling systems of various temperature levels (from 0.1 K to 230 K) for radio astronomical receivers of photonics and electronics. The features of various levels of cooling and the requirements for the design of the cooling system are considered in detail, as well as approaches to designing interfaces for cooled receivers: vacuum, cryogenic, electrical, mechanical, optical, and others required for the effective operation of the receiver,. The presented approaches to design are illustrated by a series of joint developments of the authors carried out over the past 45 years, including those produced last year.
Keywords
radio astronomy; cryogenic receivers; cryogenic systems; radio waves; IR and optics ranges; terahertz range
Subject
Engineering, Other
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.