preprints.org > medicine and pharmacology > neuroscience and neurology > doi: 10.20944/preprints202311.1724.v1

Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Version 1 : Received: 27 November 2023 / Approved: 27 November 2023 / Online: 27 November 2023 (16:11:41 CET)

With the term neuroinflammation has defined the typical inflammatory response of the brain closely related to the onset of many neurological diseases. Neuroinflammation is well known, but its mechanisms and pathways are not entirely comprehended. Currently, some progress has been achieved through many efforts and research. Consequently, new cellular and molecular mecha-nisms, diverse from conventional ones, are emerging. In listing some of those that will be the sub-ject of our description and discussion, essential are the important role of peripheral and infiltrated monocytes and clonotypic cells, alterations in gut/brain axis, dysregulation of the apelinergic sys-tem, as well as changes in the endothelial glycocalyx of blood-brain barrier, variation in expres-sion of some genes and levels of the encoding molecules by microRNAs (miRNAs), or other epige-netic factors and distinctive transcriptional factors, as well as the role of autophagy, ferroptosis, sex differences and modifications in the circadian cycle. Such mentioned mechanisms can add significant pieces in understanding the complex etiological puzzle of neuroinflammation. In addi-tion, they could represent biomarkers and targets of neurodegenerative diseases, in increase in our old populations.

Neuroinflammation; neurodegenerative diseases; emerging mechanisms.

Medicine and Pharmacology, Neuroscience and Neurology

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