Aebisher, D.; Woźnicki, P.; Dynarowicz, K.; Kawczyk-Krupka, A.; Cieślar, G.; Bartusik-Aebisher, D. Photodynamic Therapy and Immunological View in Gastrointestinal Tumors. Cancers2024, 16, 66.
Aebisher, D.; Woźnicki, P.; Dynarowicz, K.; Kawczyk-Krupka, A.; Cieślar, G.; Bartusik-Aebisher, D. Photodynamic Therapy and Immunological View in Gastrointestinal Tumors. Cancers 2024, 16, 66.
Aebisher, D.; Woźnicki, P.; Dynarowicz, K.; Kawczyk-Krupka, A.; Cieślar, G.; Bartusik-Aebisher, D. Photodynamic Therapy and Immunological View in Gastrointestinal Tumors. Cancers2024, 16, 66.
Aebisher, D.; Woźnicki, P.; Dynarowicz, K.; Kawczyk-Krupka, A.; Cieślar, G.; Bartusik-Aebisher, D. Photodynamic Therapy and Immunological View in Gastrointestinal Tumors. Cancers 2024, 16, 66.
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancers are a specific group of oncological processes in which the location and nature of growth are of key importance for clinical symptoms and prognosis. At the same time, as research shows, they can pose a very serious threat to the patient's life, especially at an advanced stage of development. The type of therapy used depends on the anatomical location of the cancer, its type and degree of progression. One of the modern forms of therapy used to treat gastrointestinal cancers is photodynamic therapy, which, as already mentioned, has been approved for the treatment of esophageal cancer in the United States. Despite the increasingly rapidly developing clinical use of this treatment method, the exact immunological mechanism it induces on cancer cells has not yet been known. This article presents the current findings on the mode of action of dynamic phototherapy on cells of various gastrointestinal cancers. There are most of them about the impact on colorectal cancer. The types of cell death induced by PDT include apoptosis, necrosis, and pyroptosis. The anticancer effect also results from the induction of destruction of tumor vessels and activation of the immune system. Most reports exist on the mechanism of apoptosis induction, in which the mitochondrial pathway is most often emphasized. Photodynamic therapy may also have a beneficial effect on such aspects of cancer as the ability to develop metastases, or contribute to reducing resistance to known pharmacological agents.
Keywords
gastrointestinal cancers; PDT; Anticancer effect
Subject
Medicine and Pharmacology, Oncology and Oncogenics
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
