Monitoring of Fabric Integrity and Attrition Rate of Dual-Active Ingredient Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets in Tanzania: A Prospective Cohort Study Nested in a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Jackline Lyimo Martin; Eliud Lukole; Louisa A. Messenger; Tatu Aziz; Elizabeth Mallya; Edmund Bernard; Nancy S. Matowo; Jacklin Franklin Mosha; Mark W. Rowland; Franklin W. Mosha; Alphaxard Manjurano; Natacha Protopopoff

doi:10.20944/preprints202311.0771.v1

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preprints.org > biology and life sciences > insect science > doi: 10.20944/preprints202311.0771.v1

Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Monitoring of Fabric Integrity and Attrition Rate of Dual-Active Ingredient Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets in Tanzania: A Prospective Cohort Study Nested in a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Jackline Lyimo Martin

^* ,

Jacklin Franklin Mosha

Version 1 : Received: 12 November 2023 / Approved: 13 November 2023 / Online: 13 November 2023 (10:17:43 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Martin, J.; Lukole, E.; Messenger, L.A.; Aziz, T.; Mallya, E.; Bernard, E.; Matowo, N.S.; Mosha, J.F.; Rowland, M.; Mosha, F.W.; Manjurano, A.; Protopopoff, N. Monitoring of Fabric Integrity and Attrition Rate of Dual-Active Ingredient Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets in Tanzania: A Prospective Cohort Study Nested in a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. Insects 2024, 15, 108. Martin, J.; Lukole, E.; Messenger, L.A.; Aziz, T.; Mallya, E.; Bernard, E.; Matowo, N.S.; Mosha, J.F.; Rowland, M.; Mosha, F.W.; Manjurano, A.; Protopopoff, N. Monitoring of Fabric Integrity and Attrition Rate of Dual-Active Ingredient Long-Lasting Insecticidal Nets in Tanzania: A Prospective Cohort Study Nested in a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. Insects 2024, 15, 108.

Abstract

Long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) have been the main contributor to the reduction of malaria in the past two decades in sub-Saharan Africa. Development of pyrethroid insecticide resistance threatens the effectiveness of these LLINs, especially when nets become holed and the insecticide decays. Three classes of dual active ingredient (AI) LLINs, have been assessed for their physical durability as follows: 1) Royal Guard®, combining pyriproxyfen, which is known to disrupt female reproduction and fertility of eggs, and a pyrethroid alpha-cypermethrin; 2) Interceptor® G2, two adulticides with differing modes of action; chlorfenapyr and alpha-cypermethrin; 3) OlysetTM Plus incorporates permethrin (pyrethroid) and a synergist, piperonyl butoxide, to enhance the potency of pyrethroid insecticides; all nets were compared to standard pyrethroid only net (Interceptor®). About 40,000 nets of each type were distributed in February 2019 to different villages in Misungwi. A total of 3072 LLINs were followed at 6, 12, 24, 30 and 36 months to assess survivorship and fabric integrity in a community setting. The median functional survival were less than three years with Interceptor®, Interceptor® G2 and Royal Guard® having 1.9 year each and 0.9 years for OlysetTM Plus . After 36 months, 90% of OlysetTM Plus and Royal Guard® and 87% of Interceptor® G2 were no longer present (thrown away) in the households due to wear and tear, compared to 79% for standard Interceptor®. Short life spans of all assessed LLINs were driven by material of the net, rather than social economic status and housing material. All dual AI LLINs have a poor textile durability with OlysetTM Plus being the worst of the three.

Keywords

Long-lasting insecticidal net; median function survival; survivoship; attrition; fabric integrity; Tanzania

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Insect Science

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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