Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids: A Comprehensive Review of Natural Occurring Compounds and Their Synthetic Derivatives

Camelia Hodoșan
,
Cerasela Elena Gîrd
* ORCID logo ,
Mihaela Violeta Ghica
,
Cristina-Elena Dinu-Pîrvu
,
Lucica Nistor
,
Iulius Sorin Bărbuică
,
Ștefan-Claudiu Marin
,
Alexandru Mihalache
,
Lăcrămioara Popa
ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 2 November 2023 / Approved: 2 November 2023 / Online: 2 November 2023 (10:36:10 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Hodoșan, C.; Gîrd, C.E.; Ghica, M.V.; Dinu-Pîrvu, C.-E.; Nistor, L.; Bărbuică, I.S.; Marin, Ș.-C.; Mihalache, A.; Popa, L. Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids: A Comprehensive Review of Natural Occurring Compounds and Their Synthetic Derivatives. Plants 2023, 12, 4022. Hodoșan, C.; Gîrd, C.E.; Ghica, M.V.; Dinu-Pîrvu, C.-E.; Nistor, L.; Bărbuică, I.S.; Marin, Ș.-C.; Mihalache, A.; Popa, L. Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids: A Comprehensive Review of Natural Occurring Compounds and Their Synthetic Derivatives. Plants 2023, 12, 4022.

Abstract

This comprehensive scientific review provides an in-depth analysis of both the natural compounds, pyrethrins, and their synthetic derivatives, pyrethroids, focusing on their classification, biosynthesis, mechanism of action, general and pharmaceutical uses, as well as their toxicity and environmental impact. Pyrethrins, derived from certain plant species, have long been recognized for their potent insecticidal properties. The review begins by examining the classification of pyrethrins and pyrethroids, elucidating their structural characteristics and unique features within the field of natural and synthetic compounds. The biosynthetic pathways responsible for producing pyrethrins in plants are discussed, highlighting the enzymatic reactions and genetic regulation involved. In addition, the synthesis of pyrethroid derivatives is explored, including both natural and synthetic sources and potential optimization strategies. Understanding the mechanisms of action by which pyrethrins and pyrethroids exert their insecticidal effects is a crucial aspect of this review. Complex interactions with the nervous systems of target organisms are examined, providing insights into their selective toxicity and modes of action. In addition, the various applications of these compounds are explored, from their use in agriculture for pest control to their incorporation into household insecticides and potential pharmaceutical applications. The review also critically evaluates the potential toxicity of pyrethrins and pyrethroids to human health. By consolidating current knowledge and research findings, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of the properties and applications of pyrethrins and pyrethroids, highlighting their benefits and risks, and the importance of responsible and sustainable use in various areas.

Keywords

pyrethrins; pyrethroids; insecticides; terpenoids; pyrethrum.

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Pharmacy

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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