Zina, S.M.; Hoarau, G.; Labetoulle, M.; Khairallah, M.; Rousseau, A. Ocular Manifestations of Flavivirus Infections. Pathogens2023, 12, 1457.
Zina, S.M.; Hoarau, G.; Labetoulle, M.; Khairallah, M.; Rousseau, A. Ocular Manifestations of Flavivirus Infections. Pathogens 2023, 12, 1457.
Zina, S.M.; Hoarau, G.; Labetoulle, M.; Khairallah, M.; Rousseau, A. Ocular Manifestations of Flavivirus Infections. Pathogens2023, 12, 1457.
Zina, S.M.; Hoarau, G.; Labetoulle, M.; Khairallah, M.; Rousseau, A. Ocular Manifestations of Flavivirus Infections. Pathogens 2023, 12, 1457.
Abstract
Flaviviruses are a group of positive sense single-stranded RNA viruses predominantly transmitted by arthropods (mainly mos-quitoes), that cause severe endemic infections and epidemics on a global scale. It represents a major cause of systemic morbidity and death that are expanding worldwide. Among this group, Dengue fever, West Nile virus, Yellow Fever, Japanese Encephalitis, and recently Zika virus have been linked to a spectrum of ocular manifestations. The latter encompass subconjunctival hemor-rhage and conjunctivitis, anterior and posterior uveitis (inclusive of vitritis, chorioretinitis, and retinal vasculitis), maculopathy, retinal hemorrhages, and optic neuritis. Clinical diagnosis of these infectious diseases is primarily based on epidemiological data, history, systemic symptoms and signs, and the pattern of ocular involvement. Diagnosis confirmation relies on laboratory testing, including RT-PCR and serological testing. Ocular involvement typically follows a self-limited course but can result in irreversible visual impairment. Effective treatment for flavivirus infections is currently unavailable. Prevention remains the mainstay for arthropod vector and zoonotic disease control. Effective vaccines are available only for Yellow Fever virus, Dengue virus and Japanese Encephalitis virus. This review comprehensively summarizes the current knowledge regarding the ophthalmic mani-festations of the foremost flavivirus-associated human diseases.
Keywords
Flavivirus; Eye; West Nile Virus; Dengue fever Virus; Yellow Fever; Zika virus; Japanese Encephalitis Virus; Kyasanur Forest Disease Virus
Subject
Medicine and Pharmacology, Ophthalmology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
