PreprintArticleVersion 1Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed
Understanding the Origins of Quark charges, Quantum of Magnetic Flux, Planck’s radiation constant and celestial magnetic moments with 4G model of nuclear charge
Version 1
: Received: 30 October 2023 / Approved: 31 October 2023 / Online: 31 October 2023 (10:30:03 CET)
How to cite:
U.V, S.S.; S, L. Understanding the Origins of Quark charges, Quantum of Magnetic Flux, Planck’s radiation constant and celestial magnetic moments with 4G model of nuclear charge. Preprints2023, 2023102015. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202310.2015.v1
U.V, S.S.; S, L. Understanding the Origins of Quark charges, Quantum of Magnetic Flux, Planck’s radiation constant and celestial magnetic moments with 4G model of nuclear charge. Preprints 2023, 2023102015. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202310.2015.v1
U.V, S.S.; S, L. Understanding the Origins of Quark charges, Quantum of Magnetic Flux, Planck’s radiation constant and celestial magnetic moments with 4G model of nuclear charge. Preprints2023, 2023102015. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202310.2015.v1
APA Style
U.V, S.S., & S, L. (2023). Understanding the Origins of Quark charges, Quantum of Magnetic Flux, Planck’s radiation constant and celestial magnetic moments with 4G model of nuclear charge. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202310.2015.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
U.V, S.S. and Lakshminarayana S. 2023 "Understanding the Origins of Quark charges, Quantum of Magnetic Flux, Planck’s radiation constant and celestial magnetic moments with 4G model of nuclear charge" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202310.2015.v1
Abstract
In our previous published papers, considering 3 large atomic gravitational constants assumed to be associated with weak, strong and electromagnetic interactions, we have proposed the existence of a nuclear charge of magnitude, en=2.95e and developed a nuclear mass formula associated with strong and weak interactions having 4 simple terms and only one energy coefficient. Two important assumptions are, there exists a weak fermion of rest energy 585 GeV and strong coupling constant is the squared ratio of electromagnetic charge and nuclear charge. The aim of this paper is associated with understanding the mystery of quantum of magnetic flux, Planck’s quantum radiation constant and Reduced Planck’s constant. Proceeding further, quark charges, strong coupling constant, nuclear stability, nuclear binding energy, medium and heavy atomic X-ray levels and celestial magnetic moments can be understood in a unified approach. It may also be noted that, by considering integral nature of elementary particle masses, it seems possible to understand the discreteness of angular momentum. Considering our proposed en=2.95e=3e as a characteristic nuclear charge, it seems possible to understand the integral nature of quarks electromagnetic charge. With this idea, neutron, proton and pions decay can be understood very easily. In all the cases, up quark of charge (±2e) seems to play a crucial role with the internal transformation of down quark of charge (±e) and external observable elementary basic elementary particles. It needs further study at fundamental level.
Keywords
4G model of final unification; 3 atomic gravitational constants; Nuclear charge; electromagnetic charge; Integral charge quarks; Quantum of magnetic flux; Planck’s radiation constant; Celestial magnetic moments
Subject
Physical Sciences, Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
