Version 1
: Received: 28 October 2023 / Approved: 30 October 2023 / Online: 30 October 2023 (09:36:54 CET)
Version 2
: Received: 24 December 2023 / Approved: 25 December 2023 / Online: 27 December 2023 (05:41:32 CET)
How to cite:
Maqsood, S.; Eddie, L.S.S.; Ng, H.Y.; Afzal, M.; Rehman, S.U.; Ayyub, M.F. Eggshells from Different Countries of Origin and Their Sustainable Application as a Partial Replacement of Cement. Preprints2023, 2023101834. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202310.1834.v1
Maqsood, S.; Eddie, L.S.S.; Ng, H.Y.; Afzal, M.; Rehman, S.U.; Ayyub, M.F. Eggshells from Different Countries of Origin and Their Sustainable Application as a Partial Replacement of Cement. Preprints 2023, 2023101834. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202310.1834.v1
Maqsood, S.; Eddie, L.S.S.; Ng, H.Y.; Afzal, M.; Rehman, S.U.; Ayyub, M.F. Eggshells from Different Countries of Origin and Their Sustainable Application as a Partial Replacement of Cement. Preprints2023, 2023101834. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202310.1834.v1
APA Style
Maqsood, S., Eddie, L.S.S., Ng, H.Y., Afzal, M., Rehman, S.U., & Ayyub, M.F. (2023). Eggshells from Different Countries of Origin and Their Sustainable Application as a Partial Replacement of Cement. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202310.1834.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Maqsood, S., Safi Ur Rehman and Muhammad Faisal Ayyub. 2023 "Eggshells from Different Countries of Origin and Their Sustainable Application as a Partial Replacement of Cement" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202310.1834.v1
Abstract
This study aims at the sustainable valorization of eggshells (ES) from different countries of origin in cement concrete as a cement replacement. For this purpose, sixteen different eggs from different regions across the world were selected. Firstly, the extent of uniformity in the weight and mineral content of sampled eggshells was assessed by a specific gravity test and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. It was found that specific gravity varies between 2.02 – 2.39, having an average value of 2.20 ± 0.01, whereas the CaCO3 varies between 94.65% - 97.23%, having an average value of 96.33%. These values were a bit lower than extra-pure limestone (LS) because of having organic part and the porous structure of eggshells. Secondly, three different eggshells were selected for cement replacement in cement concrete both in the uncalcined and calcined state based on having the highest, medium, and lowest CaCO3 content, respectively. To get the calcined eggshells, the eggshells were calcined at 800oC for three hours. It was found that the strength of eggshells varies with the CaCO3, but the variation was acceptable. The calcined eggshells showed comparatively more compressive strength and were close to the LS because of free CaO and the absence of an organic part. In general, the variation in the basic properties of eggshells from different regions across the world is negligible and is suitable for use in as a cement replacement with acceptable variation in the strength.
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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