Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Inorganic Nanoparticles as Radiosensitizers for Cancer Treatment

Balaashwin Babu
ORCID logo ,
Samantha Archer Stoltz
ORCID logo ,
Agastya Mittal
ORCID logo ,
Shreya Pawar
,
Elayaraja Kolanthai
ORCID logo ,
Melanie Coathup
ORCID logo ,
Sudipta Seal
*
Version 1 : Received: 26 October 2023 / Approved: 26 October 2023 / Online: 26 October 2023 (15:41:59 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Babu, B.; Stoltz, S.A.; Mittal, A.; Pawar, S.; Kolanthai, E.; Coathup, M.; Seal, S. Inorganic Nanoparticles as Radiosensitizers for Cancer Treatment. Nanomaterials 2023, 13, 2873. Babu, B.; Stoltz, S.A.; Mittal, A.; Pawar, S.; Kolanthai, E.; Coathup, M.; Seal, S. Inorganic Nanoparticles as Radiosensitizers for Cancer Treatment. Nanomaterials 2023, 13, 2873.

Abstract

: Nanotechnology has expanded what can be achieved in our approach to cancer treatment. The ability to produce and engineer functional nanoparticle formulations to elicit higher incidences of tumor cell radiolysis has resulted in substantial improvements in cancer cell eradication while also permitting multi-modal biomedical functionalities. These radiosensitive nanomaterials utilize material characteristics, such as radio- blocking/absorbing high-Z atomic number elements, to mediate localized effects from therapeutic irradiation. These materials thereby allow for subsequent scattered or emitted radiation to produce direct (e.g., damage to genetic materials) or indirect (e.g., protein oxidation, reactive oxygen species formation) damage to tumor cells. Using nanomaterials that activate under certain physiologic conditions such as the tumor micro-environment can selectively target tumor cells. These characteristics combined with biological interactions that can target the tumor environment allow for localized, radio-sensitization while mitigating damage to healthy cells. This review explores the various nanomaterial formulations utilized in cancer radiosensitivity research. Emphasis on inorganic nanomaterials showcase the specific material characteristics that enable higher incidences of radiation while ensuring localized cancer targeting based on tumor micro-environment activation. The aim of this review is to guide future research in cancer radiosensitization using nanomaterial formulations and to detail common approaches to radiosensization, as well their relations to commonly implemented radiotherapy techniques.

Keywords

radiosensitizer; nanomaterials; reactive oxygen species; cancer; radiation therapy; cerium oxide; carbonaceous nanoparticles

Subject

Engineering, Bioengineering

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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