Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Antarctic microbial wars: observations on the antagonisms between Fungi, Archaea, and Bacteria in Livingston Island

Svetoslav G. Dimov
* ORCID logo ,
Vesselin V. Doytchinov
ORCID logo ,
Neyko Neykov
,
Lyubomir Kenderov
,
Ralitsa Ilieva
,
Dimitrina Georgieva‐Miteva
ORCID logo ,
Meglena Kitanova
ORCID logo ,
Slavil Peykov
,
Mihail Iliev
Version 1 : Received: 29 September 2023 / Approved: 29 September 2023 / Online: 5 October 2023 (14:35:52 CEST)

How to cite: Dimov, S.G.; Doytchinov, V.V.; Neykov, N.; Kenderov, L.; Ilieva, R.; Georgieva‐Miteva, D.; Kitanova, M.; Peykov, S.; Iliev, M. Antarctic microbial wars: observations on the antagonisms between Fungi, Archaea, and Bacteria in Livingston Island. Preprints 2023, 2023100199. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202310.0199.v1 Dimov, S.G.; Doytchinov, V.V.; Neykov, N.; Kenderov, L.; Ilieva, R.; Georgieva‐Miteva, D.; Kitanova, M.; Peykov, S.; Iliev, M. Antarctic microbial wars: observations on the antagonisms between Fungi, Archaea, and Bacteria in Livingston Island. Preprints 2023, 2023100199. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202310.0199.v1

Abstract

Within an amplicon-based metagenomic study of Archaea, Fungi, and Bacteria in Livingston Island, Maritime Antarctica, in many of the samples antagonisms between these three super kingdoms were observed under the form of an inversely proportional dependence of the richnesses of the three types of microorganisms. This was quantified - based on the observed numbers of the total tags and the numbers of the operational taxonomic units (OTUs), as well as based on four alpha diversity parameters – the Shannon, the Simpson, the Chao1, and the ACE indices. We found that the most discriminative results in the antagonism measuring were observed in the comparison of the numbers of the OTUs and the ACE community richness estimator. The antagonism between Archaea and Fungi was strongest, followed by that of Archaea and Bacteria. The Fungi-Bacteria antagonism was slightly detectable. Pearson and Spearman correlation analysis also showed a statistically significant negative correlation between the fungal and archaeal effective tags, while the correlation between archaeal and bacterial diversity was positive. Indications of the order of primary microbial succession in barren ecological niches were also observed, demonstrating that Archaea and Bacteria are the pioneers, followed by Fungi which in time would displace Archaea.

Keywords

amplicon-based metagenomics; Maritime Antarctica; microbial domains antagonism; Archaea; Fungi; Bacteria

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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