Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Pattern of Presentation and Risk Factor Prediction of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Kosovo

Afrim Poniku
† ,
Arlind Batalli
* ,
Dua Shita
,
Zarife Rexhaj
ORCID logo ,
Arlind Ferati
,
Rita Leka
,
Artan Bajraktari
,
Genc Abdyli
,
Edmond Haliti
,
Pranvera Ibrahimi
,
Shpend Elezi
ORCID logo ,
Faik Shatri
,
Ibadete Bytyçi
ORCID logo ,
Michael Henein
,
Gani Bajraktari
† ORCID logo
†
These authors have contributed equally to this work.
Version 1 : Received: 12 September 2023 / Approved: 13 September 2023 / Online: 14 September 2023 (02:34:12 CEST)

How to cite: Poniku, A.; Batalli, A.; Shita, D.; Rexhaj, Z.; Ferati, A.; Leka, R.; Bajraktari, A.; Abdyli, G.; Haliti, E.; Ibrahimi, P.; Elezi, S.; Shatri, F.; Bytyçi, I.; Henein, M.; Bajraktari, G. Pattern of Presentation and Risk Factor Prediction of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Kosovo. Preprints 2023, 2023090861. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.0861.v1 Poniku, A.; Batalli, A.; Shita, D.; Rexhaj, Z.; Ferati, A.; Leka, R.; Bajraktari, A.; Abdyli, G.; Haliti, E.; Ibrahimi, P.; Elezi, S.; Shatri, F.; Bytyçi, I.; Henein, M.; Bajraktari, G. Pattern of Presentation and Risk Factor Prediction of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Kosovo. Preprints 2023, 2023090861. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202309.0861.v1

Abstract

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of mortality worldwide. Its presentation as ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI) and non-ST-segment elevation MI (NSTEMI) is influence by atherosclerosis risk factors. Aim: To assess the patterns of presentation and predicting risk factors of acute MI in Kosovo. Methods: This is a cross sectional study from the Clinic of Cardiology of the University Clinical Center of Kosovo, which included all patients hospitalized with acute MI over a period of 7 years (January 1st, 2014 to December 31st, 2020). Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and epidemiological patterns and risk factors were analyzed. Results: Among 7353 patients admitted with acute MI (age 63 ± 12 years, 29% female), 4366 (59.4%) patients had STEMI, and 2987 (40.6%) NSTEMI. Patients age was not different between the two groups (p=0.077). NSTEMI patients smoked less (48.3% vs. 54%, p<0.001), but were more diabetics (37.8% vs. 33.6%, p<0.001), more hypertensives (69.6% vs. 63%, p<0.001), frequently had family history for coronary artery disease (CAD) (40% vs 38%, p=0.009), and included more females compared to STEMI patients (32% vs 27%, p<0.001). The two groups of patients, did not differ in the prevalence of significant CAD on angiography (66.8% vs. 67.8%, p = 0.396), but NSTEMI patients underwent less primary percutaneous interventions compared with STEMI patients (43.6% vs. 55.2%, p < 0.001). Conclusion: In Kosovo, STEMI is commoner than NSTEMI, who were mostly males, more likely to have diabetes, hypertension and family history for CAD compared to those with NSTEMI. Smoking and arterial hypertension proved the strongest predictors of acute MI, in Kosovo, thus highlighting the urgent need for better atherosclerosis risk control and education strategy.

Keywords

Myocardial infarction; risk factors; smoking; diabetes; arterial hypertension; age; gender

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Cardiac and Cardiovascular Systems

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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