Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Overlapping Neuroimmune Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets in Neurodegenerative Disorders

Fabiola De Marchi
,
Lea Vidatic
,
Eliša Papić
,
Valentino Rački
ORCID logo ,
Jerneja Nimac
,
Igor Jurak
ORCID logo ,
Boris Rogelj
,
Vladimira Vuletic
,
Rajka M. Liscic
,
Jason R. Cannon
,
Emanuele Buratti
,
Letizia Mazzini
* ,
Ivana Munitic
* ORCID logo ,
Silva Hecimovic
* ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 11 September 2023 / Approved: 12 September 2023 / Online: 13 September 2023 (07:33:01 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Marchi, F.D.; Munitic, I.; Vidatic, L.; Papić, E.; Rački, V.; Nimac, J.; Jurak, I.; Novotni, G.; Rogelj, B.; Vuletic, V.; Liscic, R.M.; Cannon, J.R.; Buratti, E.; Mazzini, L.; Hecimovic, S. Overlapping Neuroimmune Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Biomedicines 2023, 11, 2793. Marchi, F.D.; Munitic, I.; Vidatic, L.; Papić, E.; Rački, V.; Nimac, J.; Jurak, I.; Novotni, G.; Rogelj, B.; Vuletic, V.; Liscic, R.M.; Cannon, J.R.; Buratti, E.; Mazzini, L.; Hecimovic, S. Overlapping Neuroimmune Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Biomedicines 2023, 11, 2793.

Abstract

Many of the potential immune therapeutic targets are similarly affected in adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s (AD) disease, Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), but also in a seemingly distinct Niemann-Pick type C disease with primarily juvenile-onset. This strongly argues for an overlap in pathogenic mechanisms. The commonly researched immune targets include various immune cell subsets such as microglia, peripheral macrophages, or regulatory T cells (Tregs), the complement system, and other soluble factors. In this review, we will compare these neurodegenerative diseases from a clinical point of view and point out the common pathways and mechanisms of protein aggregation, neurodegeneration and/or neuroinflammation that could potentially lead to shared treatment strategies. We also describe the common therapeutic approaches in treating the immune dysfunctions in these disorders, moving from immunization to microbiome regulation and stem cell treatment.

Keywords

Alzheimer’s disease; Parkinson’s disease; Niemann-Pick type C disease; neurodegeneration; neuroinflammation; immunomodulatory therapies; rare diseases

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Neuroscience and Neurology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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