Version 1
: Received: 28 August 2023 / Approved: 29 August 2023 / Online: 30 August 2023 (05:07:07 CEST)
Version 2
: Received: 30 August 2023 / Approved: 31 August 2023 / Online: 31 August 2023 (09:54:47 CEST)
Halma, M.T.J.; Tuszynski, J.A.; Marik, P.E. Cancer Metabolism as a Therapeutic Target and Review of Interventions. Nutrients2023, 15, 4245.
Halma, M.T.J.; Tuszynski, J.A.; Marik, P.E. Cancer Metabolism as a Therapeutic Target and Review of Interventions. Nutrients 2023, 15, 4245.
Halma, M.T.J.; Tuszynski, J.A.; Marik, P.E. Cancer Metabolism as a Therapeutic Target and Review of Interventions. Nutrients2023, 15, 4245.
Halma, M.T.J.; Tuszynski, J.A.; Marik, P.E. Cancer Metabolism as a Therapeutic Target and Review of Interventions. Nutrients 2023, 15, 4245.
Abstract
Cancer is amenable to low-cost treatments, given that it has a significant metabolic component, which can be effected through diet and lifestyle change at minimal cost. The Warburg hypothesis states that cancer cells have altered cell metabolism towards anaerobic glycolysis. Given this metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells, it is possible to target cancers metabolically by depriving them of glucose. In addition to dietary and lifestyle modifications which work on tumors metabolically, there are a panoply of nutritional supplements and repurposed drugs associated with cancer prevention, and better treatment outcomes. These interventions and their evidentiary basis are covered in the latter half of this review to guide future cancer treatment.
Keywords
warburg effect; cancer treatment; cancer metabolism; repurposed drugs
Subject
Medicine and Pharmacology, Oncology and Oncogenics
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Received:
31 August 2023
Commenter:
Matthew Halma
Commenter's Conflict of Interests:
Author
Comment:
The previous copy was an older copy with figures not reflecting the rest of the text, a major typo in the title, and an omitted author. These have been corrected.
Commenter: Matthew Halma
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author