Preprint Review Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Salt Intake Estimation from Urine Samples in South Asian Population: Scoping Review

Ummay Afroza
* ORCID logo ,
Ahmad Khairul Abrar
,
Abira Nowar
,
Jubaida Akhtar
,
Mohammad Abdullah Al Mamun
,
Sheikh Mohammad Mahbubus Sobhan
,
Laura Cobb
,
Nicole Ide
ORCID logo ,
Sohel Reza Choudhury
Version 1 : Received: 28 August 2023 / Approved: 29 August 2023 / Online: 29 August 2023 (11:00:41 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Afroza, U.; Abrar, A.K.; Nowar, A.; Akhtar, J.; Mamun, M.A.A.; Sobhan, S.M.M.; Cobb, L.; Ide, N.; Choudhury, S.R. Salt Intake Estimation from Urine Samples in South Asian Population: Scoping Review. Nutrients 2023, 15, 4358. Afroza, U.; Abrar, A.K.; Nowar, A.; Akhtar, J.; Mamun, M.A.A.; Sobhan, S.M.M.; Cobb, L.; Ide, N.; Choudhury, S.R. Salt Intake Estimation from Urine Samples in South Asian Population: Scoping Review. Nutrients 2023, 15, 4358.

Abstract

According to WHO, reducing salt intake to less than 5 g/day means less death, disability, and suffering from heart disease and stroke, with around 1.89 million lives saved every year. In this scoping review, we have reviewed the salt consumption pattern of South Asia. For this purpose, we searched online databases and websites and consulted key informants to address relevant unpublished reports. The inclusion criteria are English-language publications between January 2011 and October 2021, as well as research that evaluated salt intake in the South Asian region and reported salt/sodium 24-hr urine or spot urine samples involving at least 100 participants. A total of 2043 studies were screened, out of which 12 studies fulfilled all the criteria. Our review revealed that reported salt intake in the South Asian region ranges from 6.7-13.3 g/day, which was higher than the WHO-recommended maximum level of 5 g/day in all countries. Men consumed more salt than women. This review demonstrates the critical importance of implementing a salt reduction program in South Asian countries.

Keywords

salt; sodium; urinary sodium; spot urine; 24-hr urine; South Asia

Subject

Public Health and Healthcare, Public Health and Health Services

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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