Zanza, C.; Saglietti, F.; Giamello, J.D.; Savioli, G.; Biancone, D.M.; Balzanelli, M.G.; Giordano, B.; Trompeo, A.C.; Longhitano, Y. Effectiveness of Intranasal Analgesia in the Emergency Department. Medicina2023, 59, 1746.
Zanza, C.; Saglietti, F.; Giamello, J.D.; Savioli, G.; Biancone, D.M.; Balzanelli, M.G.; Giordano, B.; Trompeo, A.C.; Longhitano, Y. Effectiveness of Intranasal Analgesia in the Emergency Department. Medicina 2023, 59, 1746.
Zanza, C.; Saglietti, F.; Giamello, J.D.; Savioli, G.; Biancone, D.M.; Balzanelli, M.G.; Giordano, B.; Trompeo, A.C.; Longhitano, Y. Effectiveness of Intranasal Analgesia in the Emergency Department. Medicina2023, 59, 1746.
Zanza, C.; Saglietti, F.; Giamello, J.D.; Savioli, G.; Biancone, D.M.; Balzanelli, M.G.; Giordano, B.; Trompeo, A.C.; Longhitano, Y. Effectiveness of Intranasal Analgesia in the Emergency Department. Medicina 2023, 59, 1746.
Abstract
In the Emergency Department (ED), pain is one of the symptoms that is most frequently reported, making it one of the most significant issues for the emergency physician, but is frequently under treated. Intravenous (IV), oral (PO), and intramuscular (IM) delivery are the standard methods for administering acute pain relief. Firstly, we compared the safety and efficacy of IN analgesia to other conventional routes of analgesia to assess if IN analgesia may be an alternative for the management of acute pain in ED. Secondary, we analyzed the incidence and severity of adverse events (AEs) and rescue analgesia required. We performed a systematic review-based keywords in Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and Controlled Trials Register finding only twenty randomized Clinical trials eligible in the timeline 1992-2022. A total of 2098 patients were analyzed and compared to intravenous analgesia showing no statistical difference in adverse effects. In addition, intranasal analgesia also has a rapid onset and quick absorption. Fentanyl and ketamine are two intranasal drugs that appear promising and may be taken simply and safely while providing effective pain relief. IN is simple to administer, non-invasive, rapid onset and quick absorption; it might be a viable choice in a variety of situations to reduce patient suffering or delays in pain management. Analgesia needs to be tailored to each patient's features and type of pain: IN Fentanyl and Ketamine look promising and may be administered easily and safely while providing effective pain relief.
Medicine and Pharmacology, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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