Antioxidant Dimethyl Fumarate Temporarily but not Chronically Improves Intracortical Microelectrode Performance

George F Hoeferlin; Tejas Bajwa; Hannah Olivares; Jichu Zhang; Lindsey N Druschel; Brandon S Sturgill; Michael Sobota; Pierce Boucher; Jonathan Duncan; Ana G Hernandez-Reynoso; Stuart F Cogan; Joseph J Pancrazio; Jeffrey R. Capadona

doi:10.20944/preprints202308.1405.v1

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preprints.org > engineering > bioengineering > doi: 10.20944/preprints202308.1405.v1

Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Antioxidant Dimethyl Fumarate Temporarily but not Chronically Improves Intracortical Microelectrode Performance

Ana G Hernandez-Reynoso

Stuart F Cogan

Joseph J Pancrazio

Jeffrey R. Capadona

Version 1 : Received: 18 August 2023 / Approved: 18 August 2023 / Online: 21 August 2023 (03:05:45 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Hoeferlin, G.F.; Bajwa, T.; Olivares, H.; Zhang, J.; Druschel, L.N.; Sturgill, B.S.; Sobota, M.; Boucher, P.; Duncan, J.; Hernandez-Reynoso, A.G.; Cogan, S.F.; Pancrazio, J.J.; Capadona, J.R. Antioxidant Dimethyl Fumarate Temporarily but Not Chronically Improves Intracortical Microelectrode Performance. Micromachines 2023, 14, 1902. Hoeferlin, G.F.; Bajwa, T.; Olivares, H.; Zhang, J.; Druschel, L.N.; Sturgill, B.S.; Sobota, M.; Boucher, P.; Duncan, J.; Hernandez-Reynoso, A.G.; Cogan, S.F.; Pancrazio, J.J.; Capadona, J.R. Antioxidant Dimethyl Fumarate Temporarily but Not Chronically Improves Intracortical Microelectrode Performance. Micromachines 2023, 14, 1902.

Abstract

Intracortical microelectrode arrays (MEAs) can be used in a range of applications, from basic neuroscience research to providing an intimate interface with the brain as part of a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) system aimed to restore function for people living with neurological disorders or injuries. Unfortunately, MEAs tend to fail prematurely, leading to a loss in functionality for many applications. An important contributing factor in MEA failure is oxidative stress resulting from chronically inflammatory-activated microglia and macrophages releasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) around the implant site. Antioxidants offer a means for mitigating oxidative stress and improving tissue health and MEA performance. Here, we investigate using the clinically available antioxidant dimethyl fumarate (DMF) to reduce the neuroinflammatory response and improve MEA performance in a rat MEA model. Daily treatment of DMF for 16 weeks resulted in a significant improvement in the recording capabilities of MEA devices during the sub-chronic (Weeks 5-11) phase (42% active electrode yield vs. 35% for control). However, these sub-chronic improvements were lost in the chronic implantation phase, as a more exacerbated neuroinflammatory response occurs in DMF-treated animals by 16 weeks post-implantation. Yet, neuroinflammation was indiscriminate between treatment and control groups during the sub-chronic phase. Although worse for chronic use, a temporary improvement (<12 weeks) in MEA performance is meaningful. Providing short-term improvement to MEA devices using DMF can allow for improved use for limited-duration studies. Further efforts should be taken to explore the mechanism behind a worsened neuroinflammatory response at the 16-week time point for DMF-treated animals to assess its usefulness to specific applications.

Keywords

Intracortical Microelectrode Arrays; Neuroinflammation; Dimethyl fumarate; antioxidant; neural engineering; brain-machine interface; neural interface

Subject

Engineering, Bioengineering

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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