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Diesters of o-Phthalic Acids in Surface Waters with Background Level of Pollution: Concentrations Levels, Distribution, Sources, and Environmental Risk (Lake Baikal, Russia)
Gorshkov, A.; Grigoryeva, T.; Bukin, Y.; Kuzmin, A. Case Study of Diesters of o-Phthalic Acid in Surface Waters with Background Levels of Pollution. Toxics2023, 11, 869.
Gorshkov, A.; Grigoryeva, T.; Bukin, Y.; Kuzmin, A. Case Study of Diesters of o-Phthalic Acid in Surface Waters with Background Levels of Pollution. Toxics 2023, 11, 869.
Gorshkov, A.; Grigoryeva, T.; Bukin, Y.; Kuzmin, A. Case Study of Diesters of o-Phthalic Acid in Surface Waters with Background Levels of Pollution. Toxics2023, 11, 869.
Gorshkov, A.; Grigoryeva, T.; Bukin, Y.; Kuzmin, A. Case Study of Diesters of o-Phthalic Acid in Surface Waters with Background Levels of Pollution. Toxics 2023, 11, 869.
Abstract
We found out main regularities of surface waters pollution by diesters of о-phthalic acid (PAEs) at the background level of concentrations. Lake Baikal was selected as a model for our studies. The composition of PAEs in Baicalins waters is represented by dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Their concentrations are assessed in statistically valuable average values and ranges: 0.02 (0.01 – 0.02), 0.07 (0.06 – 0.09), 0.55 (0.47 – 0.66), 0.30 (0.26 – 0.34), µg/L, respectively. Main factors determining PAEs concentration are found out: year and season of sampling. The distribution of PAEs in the water body meets their hydrophobicity and is characterized by: i) even distribution of minor hydrophilic congeners DMP and DEP in the whole water area; ii) maximal concentrations of hydrophobic congeners DnBP and DEHP in the upper and near-bottom layers of the water column; iii) decrease of concentration of hydrophobic congeners in the near-shore zone. The contribution of near-shore sources of PAEs into the pelagic site is minimal, the main pollutants source is atmospheric transfer. A valuable contribution of DEHP from biogenic sources into the background level of PAEs is shown. Within RQ coefficients, we assessed the environmental risk for Baicalins biota.
Keywords
priority PAEs, surface waters, concentrations levels, anthropogenic and biogenic sources, environmental risk, Lake Baikal
Subject
Environmental and Earth Sciences, Environmental Science
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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