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Singular points of the tremor of the earth's surface
Version 1
: Received: 16 August 2023 / Approved: 17 August 2023 / Online: 17 August 2023 (11:38:19 CEST)
A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.
Lyubushin, A. Singular Points of the Tremor of the Earth’s Surface. Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 10060. Lyubushin, A. Singular Points of the Tremor of the Earth’s Surface. Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 10060.
Abstract
A method for studying properties of the earth's surface tremor, measured by means of GPS, is proposed. Four characteristics of tremor are considered: the entropy of the distribution of wavelet coefficients, the Donoho-Johnston wavelet index, and two estimates of the spectral slope. The anomalous areas of tremor are determined by estimating the probability densities of extreme values of the studied properties. The criteria for abnormal tremor behavior are based on the proximity to, or the difference between, tremor properties and white noise. The greatest deviation from the properties of white noise is characterized by entropy minima and spectral slope and DJ index maxima. This behavior of the tremor is called "active". The "passive" tremor behavior is characterized by the maximum proximity to the properties of white noise. The principal components approach provides weighted averaged density maps of these 2 variants of extreme distributions of parameters in a sliding time window of 3 years are considered. Singular points are the points of maximum average densities. The method is applied to the analysis of daily time series from a GPS network in the West USA in 2009-2022. It turned out that singular points of tremor form well-defined clusters.
Keywords
GPS tremor singular points, entropy, spectral slope, probability density, principal components.
Subject
Environmental and Earth Sciences, Geophysics and Geology
Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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