Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

AutoBar: Automatic Barrier Coverage Formation for Danger Keep Out Applications in Smart City

Version 1 : Received: 16 August 2023 / Approved: 16 August 2023 / Online: 17 August 2023 (10:21:35 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Shao, Y.; Wang, Q.; Lu, X.; Wang, Z.; Zhao, E.; Fang, S.; Chen, J.; Kong, L.; Ghafoor, K.Z. AutoBar: Automatic Barrier Coverage Formation for Danger Keep Out Applications in Smart City. Sensors 2023, 23, 7787. Shao, Y.; Wang, Q.; Lu, X.; Wang, Z.; Zhao, E.; Fang, S.; Chen, J.; Kong, L.; Ghafoor, K.Z. AutoBar: Automatic Barrier Coverage Formation for Danger Keep Out Applications in Smart City. Sensors 2023, 23, 7787.

Abstract

Barrier coverage is a fundamental application in wireless sensor networks, which is widely used to protect a region through intruder detection for smart city. In this paper, we study a new branch of barrier coverage, named warning barrier coverage (WBC). Different from the classic barrier coverage, WBC has the inverse protect direction, which protects unexpected visitors by warning them away from the region enclosed by sensor barriers. The WBC holds a promising prospect in many danger keep out applications for smart city. For example, a WBC can enclose the debris area in the sea and alarm any approaching ships in order to avoid their damaging propellers. One special feature of WBC is that the target region is usually dangerous and its boundary is previously unknown. Hence, the scattered mobile nodes need to detect the boundary and form the barrier coverage themselves. It is challenging to form these distributed sensor nodes into a barrier because a node can sense only the local information and there is no global information of the unknown region or other nodes. To this end, we propose a novel solution AutoBar for mobile sensor nodes to automatically form a WBC for smart city. To pursue the high coverage quality, we theoretically derive the optimal distribution pattern of sensor nodes using convex theory. Based on the analysis, we design a fully distributed algorithm that enables nodes to collaboratively move towards the optimal distribution pattern. In addition, AutoBar is able to reorganize the barrier even any node is broken. To validate the feasibility of AutoBar, we develop the prototype of the specialized mobile node, which consists of two kinds of sensors: one for boundary detection and another for visitor detection. Based on the prototype, we conduct extensive real trace driven simulations in various smart city scenarios. Performance results demonstrate that AutoBar outperforms the existing barrier coverage strategies in terms of coverage quality, formation duration, and communication overhead.

Keywords

barrier coverage; mobile sensor networks; boundary detection; convex analysis; virtual force

Subject

Computer Science and Mathematics, Computer Networks and Communications

Comments (0)

We encourage comments and feedback from a broad range of readers. See criteria for comments and our Diversity statement.

Leave a public comment
Send a private comment to the author(s)
* All users must log in before leaving a comment
Views 0
Downloads 0
Comments 0


×
Alerts
Notify me about updates to this article or when a peer-reviewed version is published.
We use cookies on our website to ensure you get the best experience.
Read more about our cookies here.