Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Effects of Gold Nanoparticles Phytoreduced with Rutin in an Early Rat Model of Diabetic Retinopathy and Cataracts

Mădălina Moldovan
* ,
Ana-Maria Păpurică
,
Mara Muntean
ORCID logo ,
Raluca Maria Bungărdean
,
Dan Gheban
ORCID logo ,
Bianca Moldovan
ORCID logo ,
Gabriel Katona
,
Luminița David
ORCID logo ,
Adrian Florea
ORCID logo ,
Gabriela Adriana Filip
ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 1 August 2023 / Approved: 2 August 2023 / Online: 3 August 2023 (02:32:40 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Moldovan, M.; Păpurică, A.-M.; Muntean, M.; Bungărdean, R.M.; Gheban, D.; Moldovan, B.; Katona, G.; David, L.; Filip, G.A. Effects of Gold Nanoparticles Phytoreduced with Rutin in an Early Rat Model of Diabetic Retinopathy and Cataracts. Metabolites 2023, 13, 955. Moldovan, M.; Păpurică, A.-M.; Muntean, M.; Bungărdean, R.M.; Gheban, D.; Moldovan, B.; Katona, G.; David, L.; Filip, G.A. Effects of Gold Nanoparticles Phytoreduced with Rutin in an Early Rat Model of Diabetic Retinopathy and Cataracts. Metabolites 2023, 13, 955.

Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and cataracts (CA) have an early onset in diabetes mellitus (DM) due to the redox imbalance and inflammation triggered by hyperglycemia. Plant-based therapies are characterized by low bioavailability in ocular tissues. The study aimed to investigate the effect of gold nanoparticles phytoreduced with Rutin (AuNPsR), as a possible solution. Insulin, Rutin, and AuNPsR, were administered to an early, six-week rat model of DR and CA. Oxidative stress (MDA, CAT, SOD) was assessed in serum and eye homogenates, and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF alpha) were quantified in ocular tissues. Fundus of retinal arterioles, retina histopathology and lens transmission electron microscopy (TEM), were also performed. DM was linked to constricted retinal arterioles, reduced endogen antioxidants, and eye inflammation. Histologically, retinal wall thickness decreased. TEM showed increased lens opacity and fiber disorganization. Rutin improved retinal arteriolar diameter, while reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. Retinas were moderately edematous. Lens structure was preserved on TEM. Insulin restored retinal arteriolar diameter, while increasing MDA, and amplifying TEM lens opacity. The best outcomes were obtained for AuNPsR, as it improved fundus appearance of retinal arterioles, decreased MDA formation and increased antioxidant capacity. Retinal edema and disorganization in lens fibers were still present.

Keywords

diabetic retinopathy; cataracts; gold nanoparticles; rutin; antioxidant; early; incipient

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Ophthalmology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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