Version 1
: Received: 1 August 2023 / Approved: 2 August 2023 / Online: 3 August 2023 (08:00:54 CEST)
Version 2
: Received: 4 August 2023 / Approved: 7 August 2023 / Online: 8 August 2023 (05:48:19 CEST)
Liao, S.-K.; Wu, Z.-E.; Shen, Y.-H. Application of Cold Sintering Process for Stabilizing Heavy Metals in Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash. Sustainability2023, 15, 14110.
Liao, S.-K.; Wu, Z.-E.; Shen, Y.-H. Application of Cold Sintering Process for Stabilizing Heavy Metals in Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash. Sustainability 2023, 15, 14110.
Liao, S.-K.; Wu, Z.-E.; Shen, Y.-H. Application of Cold Sintering Process for Stabilizing Heavy Metals in Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash. Sustainability2023, 15, 14110.
Liao, S.-K.; Wu, Z.-E.; Shen, Y.-H. Application of Cold Sintering Process for Stabilizing Heavy Metals in Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash. Sustainability 2023, 15, 14110.
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA) predominantly consists of compounds comprising elements such as calcium, aluminum, silicon, sodium, and others. Additionally, it encompasses a complex mixture of heavy metals, chlorides, sulfates, organic pollutants, and other constituents. The effective and economically viable treatment of MSWI FA poses a formidable challenge for the current stage of resource cycling. In this research report, we will adopt a novel low-temperature sintering method called "Cold Sintering Process" (CSP) as a means to immobilize heavy metals within the fly ash. By utilizing a Taguchi orthogonal array, we will adjust five control factors in the CSP, including sintering temperature, uniaxial pressure, sintering time, initial water addition, and sodium carbonate dosage. The leaching of cadmium element from the fly ash, as measured by TCLP, will serve as the quality indicator. Through the application of CSP, the MSWI FA will be transformed into structurally stable ceramic blocks, effectively immobilizing the heavy metals within the blocks. The results of the experiments showed that MSWI FA under the conditions of a temperature of 300℃, uniaxial pressure of 312 MPa, sintering time in 60 minutes, 25 wt% water addition, and 9 wt% Na2CO3 addition could effectively reduce the leaching of cadmium by 77.71%, lead by 21.14%, zinc by 42.37%, and chromium by 99.99%, as compared to the original MSWI FA TCLP results.
Keywords
MSWI fly ash; cold sintering process; heavy metal solidification; resource utilization; Taguchi method
Subject
Environmental and Earth Sciences, Waste Management and Disposal
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
