Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Temporal Resolution of Acoustic Process Emissions for Monitoring Joint Gap Formation in Laser Beam Butt Welding

Sayako Kodera
* ,
Leander Schmidt
ORCID logo ,
Florian Römer
ORCID logo ,
Klaus Schricker
ORCID logo ,
Saichand Gourishetti
ORCID logo ,
David Böttger
,
Tanja Krüger
,
András Kátai
,
Benjamin Straß
,
Bernd Wolter
ORCID logo ,
Jean Pierre Bergmann
ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 24 July 2023 / Approved: 24 July 2023 / Online: 25 July 2023 (04:52:39 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Kodera, S.; Schmidt, L.; Römer, F.; Schricker, K.; Gourishetti, S.; Böttger, D.; Krüger, T.; Kátai, A.; Straß, B.; Wolter, B.; Bergmann, J.P. Temporal Resolution of Acoustic Process Emissions for Monitoring Joint Gap Formation in Laser Beam Butt Welding. Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 10548. Kodera, S.; Schmidt, L.; Römer, F.; Schricker, K.; Gourishetti, S.; Böttger, D.; Krüger, T.; Kátai, A.; Straß, B.; Wolter, B.; Bergmann, J.P. Temporal Resolution of Acoustic Process Emissions for Monitoring Joint Gap Formation in Laser Beam Butt Welding. Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 10548.

Abstract

With increasing power and speed of laser welding, in-process monitoring has become even more crucial to ensure process stability and weld quality. Due to its low cost and installation flexibility, acoustic process monitoring is a promising method and has demonstrated its effectiveness. Since its feasibility has been the focus of existing studies, the temporal resolution of acoustic emissions (AE) has not yet been addressed despite its utmost importance for realizing real-time systems. Aiming to provide a benchmark for further development, this study investigates the relationship between duration and informativeness of AE signals during high power (3.5kW) and high speed (12m/min) laser beam butt welding. Specifically, the informativeness of AE signals is evaluated based on the accuracy of detecting and quantifying joint gaps for various time windows of signals, yielding numerical comparison. The obtained results show that signals can be shortened up to a certain point without sacrificing their informativeness, encouraging to optimize the signal duration. Our results also suggest that large gaps (> 0.3mm) induce unique signal characteristics in AE, which are clearly identifiable from 1 ms signal segments, equivalent to 0.2mm weld seam.

Keywords

Laser beam butt welding; Acoustic process monitoring; Nondestructive testing (NDT); Joint gap detection; Temporal resolution; Clustering; Neighborhood Components Analysis (NCA)

Subject

Engineering, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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