Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

On the Definition of a Comprehensive Technology-informed Accessibility Metric for Offshore Renewable Energy Site Selection

Erim Bora Konuk
ORCID logo ,
Manu Centeno-Telleria
,
Ander Zarketa-Astigarraga
,
Jose Ignacio Aizpurua
,
Giuseppe Giorgi
ORCID logo ,
Giovanni Bracco
,
Markel Penalba
*
Version 1 : Received: 13 July 2023 / Approved: 13 July 2023 / Online: 14 July 2023 (11:20:27 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Konuk, E.-B.; Centeno-Telleria, M.; Zarketa-Astigarraga, A.; Aizpurua, J.-I.; Giorgi, G.; Bracco, G.; Penalba, M. On the Definition of a Comprehensive Technology-Informed Accessibility Metric for Offshore Renewable Energy Site Selection. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11, 1702. Konuk, E.-B.; Centeno-Telleria, M.; Zarketa-Astigarraga, A.; Aizpurua, J.-I.; Giorgi, G.; Bracco, G.; Penalba, M. On the Definition of a Comprehensive Technology-Informed Accessibility Metric for Offshore Renewable Energy Site Selection. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11, 1702.

Abstract

Despite the important role of offshore renewable energies in the energy transition, the economical viability is still unclear. Therefore, an appropriate site selection is crucial. Besides the energy potential, the impact of operation and maintenance (O&M) aspects on the location can be critical. Traditional accessibility assessment metrics do not allow a comprehensive evaluation. Therefore, the present paper suggests a novel, technology-informed metric, incorporating the overall set of most critical aspects, i.e. metocean conditions, visibility due to sunlight and sea fog, system failures, and O&M logistics. Among the different aspects, limited visibility is shown to be highly relevant with a reduction of up to 60% in accessibility. The study assesses accessibility in 5 different locations across Europe. On the one hand, accessibility is shown to be less sensitive to long-term resource variations with a reduction of 5% in the last 6 decades. On the other hand, accessibility is shown to be inversely proportional to the energy potential overall, meaning that as energy potential increases, accessibility is reduced, increasing downtime, reducing final energy generation and increasing the final cost of energy. As a consequence, site selection should combine energy potential and accessibility assessments, which is enabled by the technology-informed metric presented here.

Keywords

Offshore Renewable Energies; Operation and Maintenance; Accessibility; Visibility; Metocean conditions; Weather Window.

Subject

Engineering, Marine Engineering

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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