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A Comprehensive Evaluation of Heavy Metal Contaminations in Soils of Ohio and West Virginia and Cucurbitaceous Vegetables Grown in Respective Farms and Implications on Human Health
Version 1
: Received: 10 July 2023 / Approved: 11 July 2023 / Online: 12 July 2023 (11:24:32 CEST)
How to cite:
Chinnannan, K.; Somagattu, P.; Yammanuru, H.; Nimmakayala, P.; Reddy, U.K. A Comprehensive Evaluation of Heavy Metal Contaminations in Soils of Ohio and West Virginia and Cucurbitaceous Vegetables Grown in Respective Farms and Implications on Human Health. Preprints2023, 2023070811. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202307.0811.v1
Chinnannan, K.; Somagattu, P.; Yammanuru, H.; Nimmakayala, P.; Reddy, U.K. A Comprehensive Evaluation of Heavy Metal Contaminations in Soils of Ohio and West Virginia and Cucurbitaceous Vegetables Grown in Respective Farms and Implications on Human Health. Preprints 2023, 2023070811. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202307.0811.v1
Chinnannan, K.; Somagattu, P.; Yammanuru, H.; Nimmakayala, P.; Reddy, U.K. A Comprehensive Evaluation of Heavy Metal Contaminations in Soils of Ohio and West Virginia and Cucurbitaceous Vegetables Grown in Respective Farms and Implications on Human Health. Preprints2023, 2023070811. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202307.0811.v1
APA Style
Chinnannan, K., Somagattu, P., Yammanuru, H., Nimmakayala, P., & Reddy, U.K. (2023). A Comprehensive Evaluation of Heavy Metal Contaminations in Soils of Ohio and West Virginia and Cucurbitaceous Vegetables Grown in Respective Farms and Implications on Human Health. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202307.0811.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Chinnannan, K., Padma Nimmakayala and Umesh K Reddy. 2023 "A Comprehensive Evaluation of Heavy Metal Contaminations in Soils of Ohio and West Virginia and Cucurbitaceous Vegetables Grown in Respective Farms and Implications on Human Health" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202307.0811.v1
Abstract
Contamination of soil and crops with heavy metals (HMs) poses a significant environmental challenge in the United States. Hence, this study aimed to assess HM contamination levels from sampled Ohio and West Virginia soils using various pollution indicators analyses, including Enrichment Factor (EF), Geo-accumulation index (lgeo), Contamination Factor (CF), and Pollution Load Index (PLI) and identify the Translocation Factor (TF) of HMs in the edible part of the vegetables and further evaluate health risks associated with dietary exposure through estimations of Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Hazard Index (HI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), Cancer Risk (CR) and Target Cancer Risk (TCR) on adults and children. In this study, Fe was the most predominant contaminant, ranging from 28.41 to 67.36 g/kg in the soil. Cancer risk assessment revealed that Ni poses significant risks. Therefore, regular monitoring of metal concentrations in soil and vegetables grown in these regions might mitigate potential health hazards in the future.
Keywords
Heavy metals; Vegetables; Contamination; Pollution indicators; Cancer risk; Health risk
Subject
Environmental and Earth Sciences, Sustainable Science and Technology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
