Potential Role of Antibodies Against Aquaporin-1 in Patients with Central Nervous System Demyelination

Pechlivanidou, M.; Xenou, K.; Tzanetakos, D.; Koutsos, E.; Stergiou, C.; Andreadou, E.; Voumvourakis, K.; Giannopoulos, S.; Kilidireas, C.; Tüzün, E.; Tsivgoulis, G.; Tzartos, S.; Tzartos, J. Potential Role of Antibodies against Aquaporin-1 in Patients with Central Nervous System Demyelination. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 12982. Pechlivanidou, M.; Xenou, K.; Tzanetakos, D.; Koutsos, E.; Stergiou, C.; Andreadou, E.; Voumvourakis, K.; Giannopoulos, S.; Kilidireas, C.; Tüzün, E.; Tsivgoulis, G.; Tzartos, S.; Tzartos, J. Potential Role of Antibodies against Aquaporin-1 in Patients with Central Nervous System Demyelination. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24, 12982.

Abstract

Aquaporins (AQPs; AQP0-AQP12) are water channels expressed in many and diverse cell types, participating in various functions of cells, tissues and systems, including the central nervous system (CNS). AQP dysfunction and autoimmunity to AQPs are implicated in several diseases. The best-known example of autoimmunity against AQPs is the antibodies to AQP4 which are involved in the pathogenesis of Neuromyelitis Optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), a demyelinating disease of the CNS. The present review focuses on the discovery and the potential role of antibodies against AQP1 in the CNS, and their potential involvement in CNS demyelination and specifically in NMOSD. We describe (a) the several techniques developed for the detection of the AQP1-antibodies, with emphasis on methods that specifically identify antibodies targeting the extracellular domain of AQP1, i.e., those of potential pathogenic role, and (b) the available evidence supporting the pathogenic relevance of AQP1-antibodies.

Keywords

aquaporins; AQP4; AQP1; antibodies; autoimmunity; CNS demyelination; NMOSD

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Other

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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