Version 1
: Received: 27 June 2023 / Approved: 27 June 2023 / Online: 28 June 2023 (02:10:08 CEST)
How to cite:
Ikehara, K. How was the “Chicken and Egg Relationship” between Gene and Protein formed?. Preprints2023, 2023061878. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202306.1878.v1
Ikehara, K. How was the “Chicken and Egg Relationship” between Gene and Protein formed?. Preprints 2023, 2023061878. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202306.1878.v1
Ikehara, K. How was the “Chicken and Egg Relationship” between Gene and Protein formed?. Preprints2023, 2023061878. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202306.1878.v1
APA Style
Ikehara, K. (2023). How was the “Chicken and Egg Relationship” between Gene and Protein formed?. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202306.1878.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Ikehara, K. 2023 "How was the “Chicken and Egg Relationship” between Gene and Protein formed?" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202306.1878.v1
Abstract
It has not been reasonably explained still now, how the “chicken and egg relationship” between gene and protein was formed, although RNA world hypothesis was proposed to aim at explaining formation process of the relationship about 40 years ago. On the other hand, GADV hypothesis advocates that life emerged after five members of the fundamental life system; cell structure, metabolism, tRNA, genetic code and gene, were piled up one by one onto immature [GADV]-proteins, which were produced by random joining of [GADV]-amino acids on the primitive Earth. Furthermore, formation process of the first (GNC)n RNA gene encoding a mature [GADV]-protein can be also reasonably explained according to the hypothesis as follows. Double-stranded (ds)-(GNC)n RNA could be produced by complementary strand synthesis of a single-stranded (ss)-(GNC)n RNA, which was formed by random joining of GNC anticodons carried by four types of AntiC-SL tRNAs. Successively, the first (GNC)n RNA gene was generated upon maturation of an immature [GADV]-protein, which was produced through expression of codon sequence on one strand of ds-(GNC)n RNA, as accumulating necessary base substitutions and raising a weak catalytic activity of the immature protein to a more active state. It is considered that, consequently, a gene encoding a mature protein, which has the “chicken and egg relationship”, was generated for the first time. Therefore, it can be concluded that the “chicken and egg relationship” was built not by formation of either one, gene or protein, but by maturation of an immature gene, which was lead by improvement of catalytic activity of an immature protein. That is, it can be concluded that the reason, why it was unable to give an answer to the question on the formation process of the “chicken-egg relationship” thus far, is because it was an unanswered question.
Keywords
chicken and egg relationship; origin of gene; origin of protein; GADV hypothesis; origin of life
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
The commenter has declared there is no conflict of interests.
Comment:
Thank you first of all for citing my workit is curiosity to see the context of the citations that led me to look at your paper in the first place. One thing I must point out is that your entire paper seems to be predicated on a false comparison; i.e. a wrong pairing of entities as chicken and egg. You cannot pair gene and protein they are from different categories. It should be either gene and "enzyme" or "catalyst" (a comparison based on function) OR nucleic acids or DNA and protein (comparison on basis of chemical identity). I hope this comment will be useful.
Commenter:
The commenter has declared there is no conflict of interests.