Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

A Glow Before Darkness: Toxicity of Glitter Particles to Marine Invertebrates

Denis Moledo de Souza Abessa
* ORCID logo ,
Letícia França Albanit
,
Pedro Henrique Paixão de Moura
,
Vitória Soares Nogueira
,
Felipe Teixeira Santana
,
Kainã Fagundes
,
Maysa Ueda
ORCID logo ,
Otto Patrão de Oliveira Muller
,
Caio Cesar-Ribeiro
ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 26 June 2023 / Approved: 26 June 2023 / Online: 26 June 2023 (05:33:01 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Abessa, D.M.S.; Albanit, L.F.; Moura, P.H.P.; Nogueira, V.S.; Santana, F.T.; Fagundes, K.; Ueda, M.; Muller, O.P.O.; Cesar-Ribeiro, C. A Glow before Darkness: Toxicity of Glitter Particles to Marine Invertebrates. Toxics 2023, 11, 617. Abessa, D.M.S.; Albanit, L.F.; Moura, P.H.P.; Nogueira, V.S.; Santana, F.T.; Fagundes, K.; Ueda, M.; Muller, O.P.O.; Cesar-Ribeiro, C. A Glow before Darkness: Toxicity of Glitter Particles to Marine Invertebrates. Toxics 2023, 11, 617.

Abstract

Glitter particles are considered a model of microplastics, which are used in a wide range of products. In this study, we evaluated the toxicity of green and white glitter dispersions on the embryonic development of the sea urchins Echinometra lucunte, Arbacia lixula, and the mussel Perna perna. The Toxicity Identification and Evaluation (TIE) approach was used to identify possible chemicals related to toxicity. Glitter dispersions were prepared using 0.05% ethanol. The tested dispersions ranged from 50 to 500 mg/L. The white glitter was composed of a vinyl chloride-methyl acrylate copolymer. The effective concentrations of green glitter to 50% embryos (EC50) were 246.1 (235.8 – 256.4) mg/L to A. lixula, 23.0 (20.2 - 25.8) mg/L to P. perna and 105.9 (61.2 - 150.2) mg/L, whereas the EC50 of white glitter to E. lucunter was 272.2 (261.5 – 282.9) mg/L. The EC50 for P. perna could not be calculated; however, the lowest effect concentration was 10 mg/L. The filtered suspension of green glitter had Ag levels exceeding the legal standards for marine waters. TIE showed that metals, volatiles, and oxidant compounds contribute to toxicity. The results showed that glitter may adversely affect marine organisms; however further studies are necessary to determine its environmental risks.

Keywords

Microplastics; ecotoxicology; marine pollution; contaminants of emerging concern, chronic toxicity.

Subject

Environmental and Earth Sciences, Pollution

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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