Preprint Case Report Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Myeloid Sarcoma as an Unusual Presentation of Acute and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Case Series

Ugo Giordano
* ORCID logo ,
Mateusz Sawicki
,
Justyna Pilch
ORCID logo ,
Jakub Mizera
ORCID logo ,
Artur Borkowski
ORCID logo ,
Krzysztof Zduniak
,
Jarosław Dybko
ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 15 June 2023 / Approved: 15 June 2023 / Online: 16 June 2023 (07:15:03 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Giordano, U.; Sawicki, M.; Pilch, J.; Mizera, J.; Borkowski, A.; Zduniak, K.; Dybko, J. Myeloid Sarcoma as a Presentation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Blastic Phase in the Course of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Case Report and Literature Review. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 4845. Giordano, U.; Sawicki, M.; Pilch, J.; Mizera, J.; Borkowski, A.; Zduniak, K.; Dybko, J. Myeloid Sarcoma as a Presentation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Blastic Phase in the Course of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Case Report and Literature Review. J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12, 4845.

Abstract

Background: Myeloid sarcoma (MS), also known as granulocytic sarcoma or chloroma, is a rare disease entity characterized by the emergence of an extramedullary tumour which may be antecedent, coexisting or manifest secondarily to an ongoing malignancy of lymphoid origin. Owing to its low prevalence, scientific reports addressing this matter comprise mainly retrospective studies with a limited number of participants, rather low-quality research and only few case reports. Despite MS’s rarity, the need for enhancing diagnostic tools and refinement of therapeutic regimens is broadly recognised among physicians. Case summary: In this case series, we present the clinical histories of two patients diagnosed with MS. The former (Case 1) exhibited MS of the sternum alongside chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), while in case of the latter (Case 2) MS was the initial manifestation of a current acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Regardless of treatment institution comprising chemotherapy (CHTH) and radiotherapy (RT), the patient afflicted by CML did eventually pass due to cardiorespiratory insufficiency secondary to an infection, whereas the second one is in clinical remission up to this date, that is 16 months since MS had been diagnosed. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of previously reported cases was conducted which involves MS in patients with AML and CML. Conclusion: The objective of this report is to emphasize the heterogeneity among the clinical manifestations of MS, to underline the relevance of histopathological and molecular diagnostic tools in opting for the appropriate therapy and that, in spite of it occurring rather uncommonly, physicians should think of MS in presence of pathological masses in patients under risk of hematological malignancies.

Keywords

myeloid sarcoma; acute myeloid leukemia; chronic myeloid leukemia; chloroma; granulocytic sarcoma; case report

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Hematology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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