Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Psychometric Properties and Screening Performance of the Geriatric Depression Scale in a Mild-to-Moderate Cognitively Impaired Portuguese Sample

Susana Isabel Justo-Henriques
* ORCID logo ,
Enrique Pérez-Sáez
,
Janessa O. Carvalho
,
Elzbieta Bobrowicz-Campos
,
João A. Apóstolo
ORCID logo ,
Patricia Otero
ORCID logo ,
Fernando L. Vázquez
ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 13 June 2023 / Approved: 13 June 2023 / Online: 13 June 2023 (10:07:25 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Justo-Henriques, S.I.; Pérez-Sáez, E.; Carvalho, J.O.; Bobrowicz-Campos, E.; Apóstolo, J.L.A.; Otero, P.; Vázquez, F.L. Reliability and Validity of the Geriatric Depression Scale in a Sample of Portuguese Older Adults with Mild-to-Moderate Cognitive Impairment. Brain Sci. 2023, 13, 1160. Justo-Henriques, S.I.; Pérez-Sáez, E.; Carvalho, J.O.; Bobrowicz-Campos, E.; Apóstolo, J.L.A.; Otero, P.; Vázquez, F.L. Reliability and Validity of the Geriatric Depression Scale in a Sample of Portuguese Older Adults with Mild-to-Moderate Cognitive Impairment. Brain Sci. 2023, 13, 1160.

Abstract

Although the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is a well-established instrument for the assessment of depressive symptoms in older adults, this has not been validated specifically for Portuguese cognitively impaired persons. The objective of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of two Portuguese versions of the GDS (GDS-27 and GDS-15) in a Portuguese mild-to-moderate cognitively impaired sample. Clinicians assessed for major depressive disorder and cognitive functioning in 117 participants with mild to moderate cognitive decline (76.9% female, Mage = 83.66 years). The internal consistency of GDS-27 and GDS-15 were 0.874 and 0.812, respectively. There was a significant correlation between GDS-27 and GDS-15 with Beck Depression Inventory-II GDS-27: rho = 0.738, p < 0.001; GDS-15: rho = 0.760, p < 0.001), suggesting good validity. A cutoff point of 15/16 in GDS-27 and 8/9 in GDS-15 resulted in identification of persons with depression (GDS-27: sensitivity 100%, specificity 63%; GDS-15: sensitivity 90%, specificity 62%). Overall, the GDS-27 and GDS-15 are reliable and valid instruments for the assessment of depression in Portuguese-speaking cognitively impaired persons.

Keywords

depressive symptoms; older adults; geriatric depression scale; depression screening

Subject

Social Sciences, Psychiatry and Mental Health

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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