Lekakh, S.N.; Qing, J. Engineering Heterogeneous Nucleation during Solidification of Multiphase Cast Alloys: An Overview. Metals2023, 13, 1154.
Lekakh, S.N.; Qing, J. Engineering Heterogeneous Nucleation during Solidification of Multiphase Cast Alloys: An Overview. Metals 2023, 13, 1154.
Lekakh, S.N.; Qing, J. Engineering Heterogeneous Nucleation during Solidification of Multiphase Cast Alloys: An Overview. Metals2023, 13, 1154.
Lekakh, S.N.; Qing, J. Engineering Heterogeneous Nucleation during Solidification of Multiphase Cast Alloys: An Overview. Metals 2023, 13, 1154.
Abstract
The theory of heterogeneous nucleation was initially developed as a part of condensed matter physics and later it was used as an important engineering tool to design metallurgical processes. The success leads to wide applications of the theory in metallurgical practice. For example, engineering heterogeneous nucleation in ductile iron has been used to reduce shrinkage defects, suppress cementite formation, and modify size and shape of micro-structural constituencies. This demonstrates how theoretical knowledge could benefit industry practice. This overview aims to summarize the authors’ published studies in co-authorship with colleagues and students, which covered different aspects of engineering heterogeneous nucleation in multiphase cast alloys. Several approaches for engineering heterogeneous nucleation using thermodynamic simulation and practical methods for improving efficiency of nucleation using co-precipitation technique and a local transient melt supersaturation were suggested. Automated Scanning Electron Microscopy Energy-Dispersive-X-ray (SEM/EDX) analysis and a high-resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were used to verify simulation predictions. Practical examples of controlling micro-porosity shrinkage in cast irons with spheroidal graphite are presented to illustrate the power of engineering heterogenous nucleation. The authors appreciate the great efforts that the co-authors have made on the original, overviewed articles here.
Keywords
heterogeneous nucleation 1; solidification 2; structure modification 3; cast alloys 4; cast iron with spheroidal graphite 5; alloys with primary crystalline phase 6
Subject
Engineering, Metallurgy and Metallurgical Engineering
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
