Version 1
: Received: 2 June 2023 / Approved: 5 June 2023 / Online: 5 June 2023 (07:58:02 CEST)
How to cite:
Gónzalez, M.; Al-Adib, M.; Rodríguez, A.B.; Carrasco, C. COVID-19 Disease and Menstrual-Related Disturbances: A Spanish Retrospective Observational Study in Formerly Menstruating Women. Preprints2023, 2023060259. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202306.0259.v1
Gónzalez, M.; Al-Adib, M.; Rodríguez, A.B.; Carrasco, C. COVID-19 Disease and Menstrual-Related Disturbances: A Spanish Retrospective Observational Study in Formerly Menstruating Women. Preprints 2023, 2023060259. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202306.0259.v1
Gónzalez, M.; Al-Adib, M.; Rodríguez, A.B.; Carrasco, C. COVID-19 Disease and Menstrual-Related Disturbances: A Spanish Retrospective Observational Study in Formerly Menstruating Women. Preprints2023, 2023060259. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202306.0259.v1
APA Style
Gónzalez, M., Al-Adib, M., Rodríguez, A.B., & Carrasco, C. (2023). COVID-19 Disease and Menstrual-Related Disturbances: A Spanish Retrospective Observational Study in Formerly Menstruating Women. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202306.0259.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Gónzalez, M., Ana B. Rodríguez and Cristina Carrasco. 2023 "COVID-19 Disease and Menstrual-Related Disturbances: A Spanish Retrospective Observational Study in Formerly Menstruating Women" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202306.0259.v1
Abstract
After three years of the onset of the pandemic, there is scarce evidence about how COVID-19 disease affect the female reproductive system, and consequently, the menstrual cycle. Since the common causes of secondary amenorrhea are considered as exclusion criteria in the studies about menstrual changes following SARS-CoV-2 infection, the prevalence of this event and the influencing factors in formerly menstruating women remains unknown. A retrospective observational cross-sectional study was conducted on Spanish adult women (N= 17,512), using an online survey; a subpopulation of SARS-CoV-2-infected-formerly menstruating women was included in the present analysis (n= 72). Collected data included general characteristics, medical history, and specific information about COVID-19 disease. 38.9% of the respondents experienced menstrual-related disturbances after suffering from the COVID-19 disease, unexpected vaginal bleeding being the most common (20.8%). Other alterations related with the length – “shorter” by 12.5% − and the flow − “heavier than usual” 30.3% − of the menstrual bleeding were reported. The binary logistic regression showed that being a perimenopausal woman (AOR 4.608, CI 95%, 1.018 – 20.856, p = 0.047) and having heavy menstrual bleeding (AOR 4.857, CI 95%, 1.239 – 19.031, p=0.023) are influential factors. This evidence could help health professionals to provide scientifically up-to-date information to their patients, empowering them to actively manage their reproductive health, especially in those societies where menstrual health is still a taboo.
Public Health and Healthcare, Public, Environmental and Occupational Health
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
