PreprintReviewVersion 1Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed
Intelligent Biological Networks: Improving anti-microbial resistance resilience through nutritional interventions to understand protozoal gut infections
Karpe, A.V.; Beale, D.J.; Tran, C.D. Intelligent Biological Networks: Improving Anti-Microbial Resistance Resilience through Nutritional Interventions to Understand Protozoal Gut Infections. Microorganisms2023, 11, 1800.
Karpe, A.V.; Beale, D.J.; Tran, C.D. Intelligent Biological Networks: Improving Anti-Microbial Resistance Resilience through Nutritional Interventions to Understand Protozoal Gut Infections. Microorganisms 2023, 11, 1800.
Karpe, A.V.; Beale, D.J.; Tran, C.D. Intelligent Biological Networks: Improving Anti-Microbial Resistance Resilience through Nutritional Interventions to Understand Protozoal Gut Infections. Microorganisms2023, 11, 1800.
Karpe, A.V.; Beale, D.J.; Tran, C.D. Intelligent Biological Networks: Improving Anti-Microbial Resistance Resilience through Nutritional Interventions to Understand Protozoal Gut Infections. Microorganisms 2023, 11, 1800.
Abstract
Enteric protozoan pathogenic infections significantly contribute to the global burden of gastrointestinal illnesses. Their occurrence is considerable within remote and indigenous communities and regions due to reduced access to clean water and adequate sanitation. The robustness of these pathogens means requirement of harsh treatment methods such as medicinal drugs or antibiotics. However, such treatments impact the gut microbiome, and create dysbiosis, often leading to opportunistic pathogens, anti-microbial resistance, or functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Recent studies have shown that these impacts do not remain confined to gut, and are reflected across the gut-brain, gut-liver, and gut-lung axes, among others. Therefore, apart from the medicinal treatment, nutritional supplementation is also a key aspect of providing the recovery from this dysbiosis. Future proteins, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and food formulations offer a good solution to remedy this dysbiosis. Furthermore, the nutritional supplementation also helps to build a resilience against the opportunistic pathogens and potential future infections and disorders that may arise due to the dysbiosis. Systems biology techniques have shown to be highly effective tools to understand the biochemistry of these processes. Systems biology techniques characterises the fundamental host-pathogen interaction biochemical pathways, at various infection and recovery stages. This same mechanism also allows to track the impact of abovementioned treatment methods of gut microbiome remediation. This manuscript is organised in sections delving into system biology approaches and upcoming developments to understand (1) Infection mechanism and current global status; (2) Cross-organ impacts of dysbiosis, particularly within gut-liver and gut-lung axes; (3) Nutritional interventions. It highlights the impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and Multi-drug resistance (MDR) from a perspective of protozoal infections. It also highlights the role of nutritional interventions to add resilience against the chronic problems caused by these phenomena.
Keywords
Systems Biology; Multiomics; Cryptosporidium; Giardia; Entamoeba; Anti-Microbial Resistance; Multi Drug Resistance; Probiotic; Prebiotics, Synbiotics; Postbiotics
Subject
Biology and Life Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
