Version 1
: Received: 14 May 2023 / Approved: 15 May 2023 / Online: 15 May 2023 (09:34:38 CEST)
Version 2
: Received: 3 October 2023 / Approved: 4 October 2023 / Online: 4 October 2023 (04:51:13 CEST)
Gounella, R.; Granado, T.C.; Hideo Ando Junior, O.; Luporini, D.L.; Gazziro, M.; Carmo, J.P. Endoscope Capsules: The Present Situation and Future Outlooks. Bioengineering2023, 10, 1347.
Gounella, R.; Granado, T.C.; Hideo Ando Junior, O.; Luporini, D.L.; Gazziro, M.; Carmo, J.P. Endoscope Capsules: The Present Situation and Future Outlooks. Bioengineering 2023, 10, 1347.
Gounella, R.; Granado, T.C.; Hideo Ando Junior, O.; Luporini, D.L.; Gazziro, M.; Carmo, J.P. Endoscope Capsules: The Present Situation and Future Outlooks. Bioengineering2023, 10, 1347.
Gounella, R.; Granado, T.C.; Hideo Ando Junior, O.; Luporini, D.L.; Gazziro, M.; Carmo, J.P. Endoscope Capsules: The Present Situation and Future Outlooks. Bioengineering 2023, 10, 1347.
Abstract
This paper presents new perspectives of photonic technologies for capsule endoscopy. It is firstly presented a review about conventional endoscopy (upper endoscopy and colonoscopy), followed by capsule endoscopy (CE), as well as their techniques, advantages, and drawbacks. The technologies for CEs presented in this paper have the potential of integration on the existing endoscopic systems commercially available. Such technologies include narrow band imaging (NBI), photodynamic therapy (PDT), confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE), Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Spectroscopy in order to improve the performance of the GI tract examination. In the context of NBI, two optical filters were designed and fabricated for integration into endoscopic capsules, allowing the visualization of light centered at the 415 nm and 540 nm. These optical filters are based on the principle of Fabry-Perot and were made of thin-films of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silicon dioxide (SiO2). Moreover, strategies and aid solutions for the adaptation of ECs for PDT are also discussed.
Keywords
capsule endoscopy; endomicroscopy; endoscopy; GI tract; NBI; optical filters; PDT
Subject
Engineering, Bioengineering
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
