Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Laser-Induced Graphene on Optical Fibre: Towards Simple and Cost-Effective Electrochemical/Optical Lab-on-Fibre Bioplatforms

Version 1 : Received: 19 April 2023 / Approved: 20 April 2023 / Online: 20 April 2023 (02:51:05 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Ferreira, L.L.; Ribeiro, R.A.; Fernandes, A.J.S.; Costa, F.M.; Marques, C.; Santos, N.F. Laser-Induced Graphene on Optical Fibre: Towards Simple and Cost-Effective Electrochemical/Optical Lab-on-Fibre Bioplatforms. Chemosensors 2023, 11, 338. Ferreira, L.L.; Ribeiro, R.A.; Fernandes, A.J.S.; Costa, F.M.; Marques, C.; Santos, N.F. Laser-Induced Graphene on Optical Fibre: Towards Simple and Cost-Effective Electrochemical/Optical Lab-on-Fibre Bioplatforms. Chemosensors 2023, 11, 338.

Abstract

A 3D graphene foam made of interconnected multilayer graphene flakes was produced on optical fibres (OF) by laser-induced transformation of a polyimide (PI) film coated on the OF cladding. This material, known as la-ser-induced graphene (LIG), was explored in the electrochemical detection and quantification of dopamine (DA) at physiologically relevant concentrations in the presence of the most relevant interfering molecules in biological fluids, ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA). The measured limit of detection is 100 nM, the linear range is 0.1 to 5 μM and a maximum sensitivity of 5.0 µA µM−1 cm−2 was obtained for LIG decorated with Pt nanoparticles (NPs). Moreover, immunity to AA and UA interference and to fouling was attained by decorating the LIG elec-trode with Pt NPs and coating with Nafion. These figures of merit underlines the potential of these sensors for the quantification of physiologically relevant concentrations of DA in biological fluids, paving the way for the development of hybrid electrochemical/optical sensing actuating platforms in a lab-on-fibre configuration, with relevant applications in biomedical engineering. The advantages of this hybrid arrangement include the possi-bility of in-situ counterproofing, extended measuring ranges, photoelectrochemical detection and the probing of inaccessible places. This elegant approach can also provide a simple and cost-effective way to fabricate biomed-ical devices with extended functionality, such as medical optical probes with added electrochemical capabilities, optogenetics combined with local electrochemical detection, among others.

Keywords

3D graphene; laser processing; laser-induced graphene; optical fibre; electrochemical sensors; dopamine

Subject

Chemistry and Materials Science, Materials Science and Technology

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