Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Evaluation of the Haematological Patterns from up to 985 Days of Long COVID: A Cross-Sectional Study

Version 1 : Received: 25 February 2023 / Approved: 27 February 2023 / Online: 27 February 2023 (09:53:40 CET)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Galúcio, V.C.A.; Menezes, D.C.; Lima, P.D.L.; Palácios, V.R.C.M.; Vasconcelos, P.F.C.; Quaresma, J.A.S.; Falcão, L.F.M. Evaluation of the Hematological Patterns from Up to 985 Days of Long COVID: A Cross-Sectional Study. Viruses 2023, 15, 879. Galúcio, V.C.A.; Menezes, D.C.; Lima, P.D.L.; Palácios, V.R.C.M.; Vasconcelos, P.F.C.; Quaresma, J.A.S.; Falcão, L.F.M. Evaluation of the Hematological Patterns from Up to 985 Days of Long COVID: A Cross-Sectional Study. Viruses 2023, 15, 879.

Abstract

Long COVID affects a significant number of people after acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and haematological changes can persist in the COVID-19 phase. This study aimed to evaluate these haematological laboratory markers, linking them to clinical findings and long-term outcomes in patients with long COVID. This cross-sectional study selected participants from a ‘long COVID’ clinical care programme in the Amazon region. Clinical data and baseline demographics were obtained, and blood samples were collected for quantification of erythrogram-, leukogram-, and plateletgram-related markers. Long COVID was reported for up to 985 days. Patients hospitalised in the acute phase had higher mean red/white cell, platelet, and plateletcrit levels and red cell distribution width. In addition, haematimetric parameters were higher in shorter periods of long COVID. Patients presenting with more than six concomitant long COVID symptoms had a higher white blood cell count, shorter prothrombin time (PT), and increased PT activity. Within up to 985 days of long COVID, our results suggest a probable benign compensation for erythrogram-related markers. Increased levels of leukogram-related markers and increased coagulation activity were observed in the worse long COVID groups, also indicating an exacerbated response after the acute disturbance, which is uncertain and requires further investigation.

Keywords

Long COVID; Laboratory Markers; Haematological Tests

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Hematology

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