Version 1
: Received: 23 February 2023 / Approved: 24 February 2023 / Online: 24 February 2023 (09:52:05 CET)
How to cite:
Klevgard, P. Gauge Symmetry and Invariant Features of Particles and Photons: Insights into Duality, Time’s Arrow and Nonlocality. Preprints2023, 2023020426. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202302.0426.v1.
Klevgard, P. Gauge Symmetry and Invariant Features of Particles and Photons: Insights into Duality, Time’s Arrow and Nonlocality. Preprints 2023, 2023020426. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202302.0426.v1.
Cite as:
Klevgard, P. Gauge Symmetry and Invariant Features of Particles and Photons: Insights into Duality, Time’s Arrow and Nonlocality. Preprints2023, 2023020426. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202302.0426.v1.
Klevgard, P. Gauge Symmetry and Invariant Features of Particles and Photons: Insights into Duality, Time’s Arrow and Nonlocality. Preprints 2023, 2023020426. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202302.0426.v1.
Abstract
Particles and photons appear to be total opposites; the former has rest mass which requires space to exist; the latter has kinetic energy which requires time to occur (oscillate). But they do share certain properties (e.g., quantization) that remain invariant when one is transformed (swapped) for the other. This gauge invariance is developed in some detail.The symmetry between particle and photon turns out to be one of inversion. It is the equalities of special relativity that support this inversion and the accompanying invariances: mass transformed to energy; space transformed to time. The great advantage of these symmetries (inversions) is that they provide guidance for an object little understood (the photon) based upon an object well understood (the particle). On this basis, progress can be made in the understanding of some long-standing issues: wave-particle duality, time’s arrow, the constant speed of light and nonlocality.
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
