Version 1
: Received: 28 January 2023 / Approved: 29 January 2023 / Online: 29 January 2023 (10:39:25 CET)
How to cite:
Sotoudeheian, M.; Hoseini, S.; Mirahmadi, S. Therapeutic Properties of Polyphenols Affect AMPK Molecular Pathway in Hyperlipidemia. Preprints2023, 2023010528. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202301.0528.v1
Sotoudeheian, M.; Hoseini, S.; Mirahmadi, S. Therapeutic Properties of Polyphenols Affect AMPK Molecular Pathway in Hyperlipidemia. Preprints 2023, 2023010528. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202301.0528.v1
Sotoudeheian, M.; Hoseini, S.; Mirahmadi, S. Therapeutic Properties of Polyphenols Affect AMPK Molecular Pathway in Hyperlipidemia. Preprints2023, 2023010528. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202301.0528.v1
APA Style
Sotoudeheian, M., Hoseini, S., & Mirahmadi, S. (2023). Therapeutic Properties of Polyphenols Affect AMPK Molecular Pathway in Hyperlipidemia. Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202301.0528.v1
Chicago/Turabian Style
Sotoudeheian, M., SeyedAhmad Hoseini and Seyed-Mohamad-Sadegh Mirahmadi. 2023 "Therapeutic Properties of Polyphenols Affect AMPK Molecular Pathway in Hyperlipidemia" Preprints. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202301.0528.v1
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia is the fat particles excess in the serum. Hyperlipidemia increases the mortality rate that occurs with other metabolic disorders. Hyperlipidemia is classified into familial and acquired subgroups. Moreover, Hyperlipidemia etiology is based on environmental or genetic factors. For instance, abnormal HMG-CoA regulation down-regulates ubiquitin ligase and targets variable oxidative stress-related condition proteins. There has been proven reactive oxygen species (ROS) overshoot happens during hyperlipidemia occurrence. OS, directly and indirectly, regulates molecular cascades within the cell and leads to gene expression alteration. At this molecular juncture, AMPK is affected by ROS. AMPK is a serine-threonine kinase and a critical energy balance. Low energy conditions result in AMPK activation due to the down-regulation of protein and lipid synthesis. Furthermore, ER stress and activated unfolded protein proteasomal response and autophagy are AMPK mediated. Polyphenols are widespread dietary plant-based compounds that regulate gene expression and signal conduction. Through the hyperlipidemic state, FFAs releasing indirectly connect to AMPK/NF-κB pathway then polyphenols target them. AMPK, during this FFA exposure, down-regulates de novo lipid molecules generation. Likewise, if AMPK/mTOR pathway failure is prolonged, the hyperlipidemic state may be explicit, activated by natural herbal mediators, e.g., polyphenols. Polyphenols activate the AMPK signaling pathway and influence lipid metabolism. Polyphenol-mediated AMPK activation results in lipogenesis inhibition and lipophagy. Cholesterol efflux mediated polyphenols lipid-lowering effects, accessing LXR pathway. All these clues persist on direct or indirect AMPK-related polyphenolic anti-hyperlipidemic effects.
Keywords
AMPK; Polyphenols; Dyslipidemia; Nrf2
Subject
Medicine and Pharmacology, Pharmacology and Toxicology
Copyright:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
