Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Declining Frequency of Chloroquine-resistant Haplotype of Plasmodium falciparum (CVIET) in an Endemic Area of Southwest Nigeria 17 Years After Withdrawal of Chloroquine

Abiodun I. Amusan
ORCID logo ,
Olugbenga Akinola
,
Kazeem Akano
,
Maria A. Hernández-Castañeda
,
Jenna K. Dick
,
Akintunde Sowunmi
,
Geoffrey T. Hart
,
Grace Olusola Gbotosho
*
Version 1 : Received: 30 December 2022 / Approved: 4 January 2023 / Online: 4 January 2023 (03:04:50 CET)

How to cite: Amusan, A.I.; Akinola, O.; Akano, K.; Hernández-Castañeda, M.A.; Dick, J.K.; Sowunmi, A.; Hart, G.T.; Gbotosho, G.O. Declining Frequency of Chloroquine-resistant Haplotype of Plasmodium falciparum (CVIET) in an Endemic Area of Southwest Nigeria 17 Years After Withdrawal of Chloroquine. Preprints 2023, 2023010050. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202301.0050.v1 Amusan, A.I.; Akinola, O.; Akano, K.; Hernández-Castañeda, M.A.; Dick, J.K.; Sowunmi, A.; Hart, G.T.; Gbotosho, G.O. Declining Frequency of Chloroquine-resistant Haplotype of Plasmodium falciparum (CVIET) in an Endemic Area of Southwest Nigeria 17 Years After Withdrawal of Chloroquine. Preprints 2023, 2023010050. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202301.0050.v1

Abstract

The replacement of chloroquine with artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) for over a decade has had varying impacts on the ability of malaria parasite to sustain its chloroquine resistance prowess in different malaria-endemic regions. We evaluated the frequency of Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter (PfCRT) mutations in an endemic area of southwest Nigeria 17 years after replacement of chloroquine with ACTs for malaria treatment. Genomic DNA was isolated from dried blood spot samples obtained from 129 patients (aged 1-35 years) with microscopically confirmed P. falciparum infection. PfCRT fragments covering codons 72-76, CVMNK (wildtype) and A220 were amplified and sequenced. Two mutant PfCRT haplotypes on residues 72-76 (CVIET and CVINT) were identified with a prevalence of 18.6% and 2.3%, respectively. Interestingly, the CVINT haplotype was identified for the first time in this region. A220S changes were found in 16.3% of samples occurring concurrently with the CVIET haplotype, while a Q271E mutation occurred in a wildtype isolate. The reduced prevalence of the PfCRT mutant alleles in this study may suggest a gradual disappearance of chloroquine-resistant malaria parasites following reduced drug pressure. It may also be an indicator of the ability of malaria parasites to develop resistance gradually against the current first-line regimen.

Keywords

Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance; mutations; CVINT; malaria; allele frequency

Subject

Medicine and Pharmacology, Pharmacology and Toxicology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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