Graphene Introduces the Second Negative Fine Structure Constant and the Imaginary Set of Base Planck Units

The reflectance \(R\) of monolayer graphene for the normal incidence of electromagnetic radiation is known to be remarkably defined only by \(\pi\) and the fine-structure constant \(\alpha\). It is shown in this paper that the reflectance (or the sum of transmittance and absorptance) of monolayer graphene, expressed as a quadratic equation with respect to the fine-structure constant \(\alpha\) must unsurprisingly introduce the 2$^\text{nd}$ fine-structure constant \(\alpha_2\), as the 2$^\text{nd}$ root of this equation, as well as two \(\pi\)-like constants for a convex and a saddle surface. It turns out that this 2$^\text{nd}$ fine-structure constant is negative, and the sum of its reciprocal with the reciprocal of the fine-structure constant \(\alpha\) is independent of the reflectance value \(R\) and remarkably equals $-\pi$. Particular algebraic definition of the fine-structure constant \(\alpha^{-1} = 4\pi^3 + \pi^2 + \pi \approx 137.036\), containing the free \(\pi\) term and agreeing with the physical definition of this dimensionless constant to the 5$^\text{th}$ significant digit, when introduced to this sum, yields \(\alpha_2^{-1} = -4\pi^3 - \pi^2 - 2\pi \approx -140.178\). Assuming universal validity of the physical definition of \(\alpha\), \(\alpha_2\) defines the negative speed of light in vacuum \(c_n\). The average of this speed \(c_n\) and the speed of light in vacuum \(c\) is in the range of the Fermi velocity (\(10^6\) m/s). Furthermore, the 2$^\text{nd}$ negative fine-structure constant \(\alpha_2\) alone introduces the imaginary set of base Planck units.