Preprint Article Version 3 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

The Principle "Like Begets Like" in Molecular and Algebraic-Matrix Genetics

Version 1 : Received: 27 November 2022 / Approved: 29 November 2022 / Online: 29 November 2022 (03:17:32 CET)
Version 2 : Received: 19 December 2022 / Approved: 20 December 2022 / Online: 20 December 2022 (01:29:16 CET)
Version 3 : Received: 23 May 2023 / Approved: 25 May 2023 / Online: 25 May 2023 (07:56:14 CEST)

How to cite: Petoukhov, S. The Principle "Like Begets Like" in Molecular and Algebraic-Matrix Genetics. Preprints 2022, 2022110528. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202211.0528.v3 Petoukhov, S. The Principle "Like Begets Like" in Molecular and Algebraic-Matrix Genetics. Preprints 2022, 2022110528. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202211.0528.v3

Abstract

This article is devoted to the results of in-depth analysis of the system of binary-oppositional structures in DNA n-plet alphabets and their algebraic-matrix representations. These results show that the molecular complementary replication of DNA strands is accompanied by the presence of an algebraic version of the principle "like begets like" in matrix representations of DNA alphabets having internal structures. This algebraic version is based on binary-oppositional structures in the genetic molecular system, which can be represented by binary numbers and corresponding matrices of DNA alphabets. The received results allow thinking that the phenomenon "like begets like" (or a complementary replication in a wide sense) is systemic in the genetic organization and is connected with algebraic features of biological organization. Correspondingly, the biological principle "like begets like" can be additionally modeled by algebraic-matrix methods and approaches. Such algebra-matrix modeling of the genetic coding system gives new ways for studying and understanding the key role of the named principle in genetic and other inherited physiological complexes. On this way, the author discovered general rules of stochastic organization of information binary sequences of genomic DNAs of eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The presented rules are connected with information dichotomies of probabilities and corresponding fractal-like trees of probabilities, which fundamentally differ from constructional dichotomies in biological bodies. The received phenomenological data and rules lead to new biological ideas.

Keywords

DNA strands; complementary replication; DNA alphabets; binary opposition; binary numbers; dichotomy; dichotomic tree; algebras; split-quaternions; root-complementarity

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Comments (1)

Comment 1
Received: 25 May 2023
Commenter: Sergey Petukhov
Commenter's Conflict of Interests: Author
Comment: Many new sections, materials, figures and references are added. The volume of the article is considerably extended.
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