Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Deep Learning-Based Screening of Urothelial Carcinoma in Whole Slide Images of Liquid-Based Cytology Urine Specimens

Version 1 : Received: 13 November 2022 / Approved: 14 November 2022 / Online: 14 November 2022 (09:31:16 CET)

How to cite: Tsuneki, M.; Abe, M.; Kanavati, F. Deep Learning-Based Screening of Urothelial Carcinoma in Whole Slide Images of Liquid-Based Cytology Urine Specimens. Preprints 2022, 2022110249. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202211.0249.v1 Tsuneki, M.; Abe, M.; Kanavati, F. Deep Learning-Based Screening of Urothelial Carcinoma in Whole Slide Images of Liquid-Based Cytology Urine Specimens. Preprints 2022, 2022110249. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202211.0249.v1

Abstract

Urinary cytology is a useful, essential diagnostic method in routine urological clinical practice. Liquid-based cytology (LBC) for urothelial carcinoma screening is commonly used in the routine clinical cytodiagnosis because of its high cell collection rate. Since conventional screening processes by cytoscreeners and cytopathologists using microscopes is limited in terms of human resources, it is important to integrate new deep learning methods that can automatically and rapidly diagnose a large amount of specimens without delay. The goal of this study was to investigate the use of deep learning models for the classification of urine LBC whole-slide images (WSIs) into neoplastic and non-neoplastic (negative). We trained deep learning models using 786 WSIs by transfer learning, fully supervised, and weakly supervised learning approaches. We evaluated the trained models on two test sets (equal and clinical balance) with a combined total of 750 WSIs, achieving ROC-AUCs for WSI diagnosis in the range of 0.984-0.990 by the best model, demonstrating the promising potential use of our model for aiding urine cytodiagnostic processes.

Keywords

urothelial carcinoma; urine; liquid-based cytology; deep learning; cancer screening; whole slide image

Subject

Computer Science and Mathematics, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

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