Preprint Article Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed

Discovery of Boar Pheromones and their Functional Role in Reproduction of Mouse Deer (Moschiola Indica)

Vinod Kumar
ORCID logo ,
Shivakumara Manu
ORCID logo ,
Karunakaran Caroline
,
Anupama Sekhar
,
Sajwan-Khatri Mamta
,
Mushkam Sandeep
,
Wasimuddin Wasimuddin
,
Balasubramanian Senthilkumaran
,
Govindhaswamy Umapathy
* ORCID logo
Version 1 : Received: 15 October 2022 / Approved: 18 October 2022 / Online: 18 October 2022 (02:44:00 CEST)

A peer-reviewed article of this Preprint also exists.

Kumar, V.; Manu, S.; Caroline, K.; Sekhar, A.; Mamta, S.-K.; Sandeep, M.; ., W.; Senthilkumaran, B.; Umapathy, G. Discovery of 16-Androstenes (Androstenone and Androstenol), Their Synthesis Pathway, and Possible Role in Reproduction of Mouse Deer (Moschiola indica). Cells 2022, 11, 3837. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11233837 Kumar, V.; Manu, S.; Caroline, K.; Sekhar, A.; Mamta, S.-K.; Sandeep, M.; ., W.; Senthilkumaran, B.; Umapathy, G. Discovery of 16-Androstenes (Androstenone and Androstenol), Their Synthesis Pathway, and Possible Role in Reproduction of Mouse Deer (Moschiola indica). Cells 2022, 11, 3837. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11233837

Abstract

Two putative boar pheromones (Androstenone and Androstenol) were discovered in endangered mouse deer during captive breeding program. This study further examined the molecular characteristics, pheromone synthesis pathway, and the functional role of these pheromones in reproduction of mouse deer. CYP17A1 and CYB5 genes were cloned and expressed in HEK-293, COS-7 cell lines and gonads of mouse deer to investigate CYP17A1 gene’s andien-β-synthase activity towards synthesis of sex pheromones in mouse deer. An enzyme immunoassay was also developed and standardized to measure the fecal androstenone during reproductive cycles of mouse deer. Results showed that mouse deer’s CYP17A1 gene possesses andien-β-synthase activity and could transform pregnenolone into 5,16-androstadien-3β-ol. The expression of CYP17A1 gene upregulated in the testis and ovary, compared to other tissues in mouse deer. Significantly elevated pheromones and estrogens were recorded prior to delivery and postpartum estrus / mating in mouse deer. Further, there were weak correlations between fecal pheromones and estrogens/ androgens in mouse deer during breeding season. The findings suggest that the boar pheromones might play a direct role in the reproductive activities of mouse deer which might be used for breeding of mouse deer elsewhere.

Keywords

pheromones; androstenone; mouse deer; metabolic pathway; reproduction; hormones

Subject

Biology and Life Sciences, Anatomy and Physiology

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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